Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Discussion 2 Week 7 Chapter 13 Corporate Valuations Assignment

Discussion 2 Week 7 Chapter 13 Corporate Valuations - Assignment ExampleAlso, a member of the cross-asset team at Societe Generale Bank strongly believes that cash does not give returns to shareholders. From these disputes, it was seen that many directors in the IT sector prefer to hold on cash. This garters them take advantage of new opportunities instead of giving to shareholders.To avoid such disputes, companies should ensure that such decisions go through the support of shareholders. To ensure that this is the case, companies need to contain sure that rules on decision do are in the shareholders agreement or the companys article of association. These rules will then a guide when making decisions (Laro, 2005). For instance, in case of piling cash, with the help of the rules, companies will ensure that the decision is within the rules. This will help avoid disputes and will also help the company in case there is a good bid.It is also necessary to inform shareholders on decisi ons made by the company. For example, decisions to keep cash should have reasoned evidence of the gains that the company and its shareholders should expect from this move. This is because holding on shareholders income in the form of cash will make shareholders doubt the companys commitment to them. For example, in the case of Apple, with proper disclosure, there will not be a dispute over retaining cash. The dispute arose as a result of doubt over the cash pile of $137 billion.Another important point for companies to note is that shareholders are most interested in the return on their enthronisation. To them, the value of the company is crucial as this will reflect what they should expect from their investment in terms of dividend. Therefore, to avoid disputes, companies should ensure that they balance between the notes that the company keeps for expansion and the money payable to shareholders in terms of dividend. Shareholders

Monday, April 29, 2019

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land law - Essay workoute disputes are likely to occur when the forms are incomplete or absent, as was the case in TSB Bank Plc v Botham.3 This aspect was also applied in the Taylor case, where it was held that the time for assessing whether an item is a muddle or chattel is at the time of contracting, otherwise it could amount to concealment. Therefore, a great deal de vocalisation depend upon the contents of the mortgage contract Freddy has with Lords Bank and whether or not it has been specified that certain items go forth not be considered fixtures for purposes of the contract.When the question concerns the use of whether or not an item belongs to a house, then it moldiness be such that it becomes a part of the land itself. The case of Elitestone Ltd v Morris4 demonstrates this principle. In this case, the property in question was a house that had been prefabricated and stood on cement pillars so it was viewed as personal property (chattel) by the Court of Appeal. However, w hen the case went to the House of Lords, it was held that a removal of the building would have entailed its destruction, therefore the building was a part of the land itself and could not be removed. However, in the case of Chelsea Yacht and Boat Club v Pope5 , a house on a barge that was attached at the side through screw up and electricity cables, was not deemed to be a part of the land, but was considered personal property that could be removed.Therefore, when the patch on fixtures/fittings has not been clearly specified in the contract, the most important aspect in the determination of whether an item is dismissible or not bequeath depend upon the extent to which it is considered to be a part of the property itself. Applying this distinction therefore, items which become a part of the house will be considered to be fixtures and will not be removable. However, items which do not become part of the house but are removable will be considered fittings and they can be removed.For example, in the case of Berkeley v Poulett6

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Management Concepts in Hospitals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Concepts in Hospitals - Assignment ExampleThe efforts were towards advertising in the indigene languages and also developing simple guide to hospital pamphlets in native languages. Childbirth classes were given in native languages. Extensive media advertisement was done too. The idea was to make it family-centered care. multilingual physicians and nurses were catering the patients. This was enhanced by presentable looks of the hospital characterized by a large state of the subterfuge labor live and postpartum rooms with Jacuzzis and rooms for family members. The market orientation of an organization is directly cogitate to overall business performance, employee commitment, and esprit de corps. The above quality improvement measures turned out to be a correct business strategy too. The marketing presence was further enhanced by creating a new motherliness services brand for the hospital-the graphic image of child footprint. The hospital further stated its presence lo udly through and through aggressive advertisement. 1. Focus on the customer -serving majorly in the native language, advertising in native languages, organizing ethnic shows for the ethnic population and in popular making the people feel at home for the trying event of childbirth to take place. 3. 2. Extensive research into the ethnic ways and this followed by aggressive promotional activities in culturally acquainted to the ethnic populaces ways. 3. More presentable looks and adoption of hospital services brand-the infant footprint-all this made the community hospital more professional in outlook. Lager labor rooms and post-partum rooms with Jacuzzis were a similar step. As the overall marketing orientation is related to staff motivation, the work standards were terminal point to improve with more number of satisfied customers. The staffs esprit de corps is directly related to the success of the organizational behaviorKnights and Willmott, 67. gum olibanum better business woul dve been a catalyst for better work again. While the hospitals overall rapport with the general public improved with the improved reputation the staff and administration produced better results.

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Accessing Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accessing Healthc are - Assignment ExampleAt the current rate of growth, by 2050, the Hispanic universe would double to 30% and would be around 133 million individuals. Today, the Hispanics are found in all separate of the US, rather than the mere Southern States (CDC, 2011). Around 500,000 Hispanic are entering the US every year, legally and illegally, and when they enter they do not have proper facilities such as jobs, healthcare, education, etc. Hence they are force to live in poor conditions and make take up very low-end jobs (Moore, 2001).Due to mixed environmental, genetic, ethnic and situational problems existing in the US, the Hispanic population may find it very difficult to get to healthcare facilities or be in a situation where they can control their health status. oneness of the major health issues that affect the African American population in the US is substance profane, and in spite of appearance this population, there may be different variations noted, and a goo d deal the Hispanic individuals get heavily criminalized for drug-related or alcohol-related crimes. Hence, they often end up facing huge drug offences and may be jailed. As per the NIDA 1991 study, the drug maltreatment rates may be lower in Hispanics compared to African-Americans or Caucasians, but comparatively it can be found that Hispanics misuse cocaine more frequently than any other population, and any offence related to cocaine usage is heavily criminalized. In other parts of the US such as impudently York, Heroin debauch is high amongst the Hispanics (Moore, 2001).There may be several reasons why the drug abuse problem is serious with the Hispanics. Firstly, there may be huge number of people in the Hispanic groups that indulge in serious drug abuse, compared to other populations, and in certain groups located, the rate of alcohol abuse may be similar to the Whites and the African-American, if not higher. Besides,

Friday, April 26, 2019

Living Environment in Kalahari Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Living Environment in Kalahari - Essay ExampleMeasures to go these conditions deem become futile. Despite many global environmental bodies that ar mandated with environmental protection macrocosm set, little is being done due to lack of good will from different countries from the globe. Many meetings e.g. Kyoto confuse been convened in an effort to look for a solution to the crisis, but little has been achieved as developed countries have failed to sign the protocol which would bind the countries to contribute in environmental protection (Valsson, 2006). Some of the adverse ensnare of environmental pollution has been highlighted in the book, cry in the Kalahari. The author emphasizes on the problems that the animals go through in the wilderness. He wrote that they lacked basic needs making them make use of the little pee that they get e.g. water from the bowls that the writer forgot outside the tent. This indicates the human ignorance when building empires while ignoring other living organisms which also think on the environment (Owens & Cordelia, 1992 p.4). The chapter also emphasizes on the neglect by the developed countries to help in environmental conservation measures despite playing a great berth in environmental pollution. ... This has increase contain for land. The land that was previously used by animals as their habitat has been transformed into human living areas. This has ravening thousands of wild animals as feeding areas have reduced tremendously (Owens & Cordelia, 1992). Desert conditions have become very extreme with the living conditions become so unbearable. People living in these areas have been left insecure unable to afford even the basic needs. It has become hard for them to grow food crops as the environmental conditions have become harsh (Haluzan 2010). Environmental conditions in the arctic regions have also changed. The temperature levels have increased with 0.7 degree centigrade. This has led to smelting of the snow makin g the environment unfavorable for animals living in these areas. Furthermore, the vegetation which are adapted to cold conditions, have also been affected. Aquatic organisms have also been affected with a mass of them dying as a result of increased temperature levels of the water (Haluzan 2010). Changes in biodiversity Biodiversity plays a great role in protecting the lives of people, increase food security, health and even resilience. There have been great changes in biodiversity especially in the northern countries. The changes in biodiversity are expected to continue increasing with the level of temperature increasing in the world. The growing vegetation both in the desert and the arctic regions are affected this instant by changes in climatic conditions. According to the scientific information, the lichens and mosses population levels are expected to decrease. These act as food for reindeer therefore their population is also expected to decrease (David & Paul, 1992, p. 16). On the other hand, the

Thursday, April 25, 2019

The recent tendency to reorganize the notion of accused right parallel Dissertation

The juvenile tendency to reorganize the notion of accused right parallel to the right of the victim, evaluation from the initiativ - Dissertation causeThe logic behind the right to a fair trial was implicit in the creation of complicity on a lower floor the doctrine of command responsibility. Justice Robert Jackson in his opening statement at the Nuremberg Trials essentially well-grounded that the world-wide Military Tribunal would confer upon the accused persons, the due process that they refused to confer upon their victims.6 The right to a fair trial is not absolute however, as there are circumstances where that right whitethorn be derogated from in certain circumstances.7 This paper focuses on the recent trends in external whitlow law in which there is an initiative for balancing the rights of the accused against victims rights under the doctrine of command responsibility. ... ce of the charges against him/her.8 The initiative to elevate the rights of victims over the right of the accused was a method by which the International brutal Court addressed concerns on the part of civilians in zones under conflict and non-governmental organizations. These concerns took the position that the ad hoc international criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda had neglected the input of victims by not permitting their participation in the trials and the appellate process. The International wretched Tribunal addressed those concerns by making the concerns of victims a precedence and by focusing more intently on restorative nicety.9 The International Criminal Court is primarily founded on the objective that the administration of justice means justice not only for those who commit international crimes, but also for the victims.10 The Preamble to the ICC informs that During this ascorbic acid millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity.11 Trumbull notes that the reference to victims in the ICCs introduce is not an accident. In fact, Trumbull goes farther to state, that this reference to victims was intentional and aimed at ensuring that the rights of victims occupy a high priority.12 Under the authority of the ICC, the International Criminal Court has made good on the prioritizing of victims rights primarily by permitting victims the right to participate in the criminal proceedings. In this regard, victims have the right to express their opinions relative to the leave of an investigation, whether or not a case is admissible and any other matter that impacts their own interests.13 The ICC and the International Court, Rules of Procedure and Evidence 2000 contain a

Realistic painting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

pragmatic painting - Research Paper ExampleThe paper Realistic painting explores the painting of Realism. The history of realistic paintings is dated back to early 19s, associated with great artists such as George bellow. George Bellows is regarded as one among the great American artists. His survey ranges between 1882 and 1925, with one of his famous humanities been the Crowd in black and white lithograph of 1923. Among George Bellows reputation is his early work about powerful boxing matches and the realistic tenement carriage in New York City. George also create the city landscape and seascape, battle scenes, and portraits, with illustrations and prints. Georges work was out of influence and real life regard in the United States at that time. Most of his arts portray the dynamic and challenging nature of life in America at early twentieth century and over its first decade. In this print, George Bellows expressed the vitality of urban life through a dynamic contrast of light and dark. The brutal illumination from a street lightly reveals an anxious and pressing crowd tightly packed into a confining space. This painting is dark in tone many different people fill with the livelong image, capturing fleeting moments. Before American Independence, most of the American artists grew and learnt in European. Over the 19 century, a thumping number of American artists went to Germany, France, Britain and other countries to study .This is the most probable link of confusion between the American artists works and European artists work.

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Individual Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Development study - Essay ExampleThe ability to understand what the other is going through encourages in all the segments of our argus-eyed disembodied spirit and livelihood like management, sales, marriage and parenthood. Strengthening this aspect of my emotional intelligence would really take to be that I have already taken care of the earlier three aspects of emotional intelligence. Goleman opines that empathy builds on self-awareness. hatful who cannot read their own emotions are alexithymic, they are confused and bewildered about their own and other large numbers come upings.I suspect that I am a bit of an alexithymic myself. Once during my adolescence my house was flooded, I remember that I did not react at all and continued doing whatever I was doing instead of panicking and controlling the situation. At that time I thought I was rather cool, but now I realize that I was likewise detached and cold (not cool as I had earlier thought). Had I been empathetic I would have perhaps cried yet swung into action for either throwing out the water or stemming the source.This cold trace has surfaced time and again in my dealing with my business employees as well. I am not qualified to comprehend when they drop work due to personal emergency. It seems to me that work has less priority in their life than their domestic troubles. I am able to now understand why my subordinates find it difficult to consecrate in me, why I am usually am the last to know about the problems create from raw stuff in the environment. Root cause of this shortcoming is that I need to have empathy towards others. The plan is to improve my cognitive skills which will includeSet a role model. There are a number of people I know who are naturally empathetic towards others. I will have an inner congressman mapping my emotions or lack of them against those of the role models. It would be easy to emulate them initially whenever I feel emotionally blank. Self-motivation- I wil l reinforce my behavior by constantly conducting an inner conversation with myself, to help me manage challenges or difficult situations. Learning social cues - I will try to see my self as part of a larger social fabric and try to react to situations from communitys point of view. differentiate facial expressions, tone of voice and motions and anticipate other persons state of mind. Others too- Try to understand from others perspective too and see if my state of mind is broad enough to take a just decision or too narrow that I am considering only myself in the outcome. Listen sympathetically - Not to cut off or contradict till the speaker has finished and his /her message is understood completely. Maintain eye contact, gesture warmly and keep relaxed at all times. The key to know if my plan has worked is the enhancement of following traits in my personalityMore responsible and assertive without being abusiveMore popular and dynamic savour meeting others and help in solving their problemsGreater understanding of others perspective and being more interested Better at resolving conflicts, rather than being the cause of conflicts.Subordinates become friendlier and confide in me.The base competency needed to develop empathy is self awareness. It means that I have to have the ability to lie with my own feelings. I have to be open and clear about my emotional reactions to different situations. I have to be motivated to develop empa

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Health Care In United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care In United States - Research make-up Example(Holohan, 2010) Thanks to the PPACA 32 million more of the most economically vulnerable Americans will acquire access to wellness insurance. (Health Reform Act, 2011) The PPACA is landmark legislation some(prenominal) thought would never occur and was a hard fought success for President Obama and what was at the time a Democratic dominated congress. It addressed many significant health issues and will facilitate millions of citizens while saving the nation billions of dollars. However, the PPACA is not universal health assist or even close to it. Going further than the PPACA by ratifying universal health care would radically reduce the burden lower and middle income familys face due to healthcare cost while also reducing the division of health care services along family economic lines. virtually Americans share the same opinion as the majority of the industrialized world. Society has a shared deterrent example responsibility , to offer everyone health care without concern for the amount of money they have. When asked do you think the federal political science should guarantee health care for all Americans? Americans support health care that is guaranteed by the federal governing body by a pretty wide margin of 62-38 percent.

Monday, April 22, 2019

The below figures from the UK Society of Motor Manufacturers and Essay

The below figures from the UK Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders show that in 2011 sales of hybrid vehicles were signifi - Essay ExampleThe hybrid cars were slight pollution causing in nature and run on biodiesel fuels. Thus the basic idea of accelerator pedal driven cars remained the same but it was innovated in a different environment friendly form. Diffusion of advance(a) products and factors influencing the tradeoffs According to the sales figures in UK in 2011, thither was a reduction in the number of electric automobile vehicles over the hybrid vehicles. Trade off is the form where certain features of a product are leftfield out for the sake of some other feature. In miscue of innovative products like the carts there net be many features which powerfulness not be at par with the marketplace conditions, economical scenario and environmental aspects. in that location can be a number of tradeoffs seen in the supply chain management system in marketing. There ca n be situations where the supplier of innovative cars may wish to transport in bulk but this index not be in accordance of rights with the market scenario if the conditions in the market are grim. There can also be situations where the supplier might have to face an sum up lead time. Sometimes, the supplier of cars may also wish to ship directly to the customer to save cost and time (Stevenson, 525). Apart from these, there can be tradeoffs in the design of the innovative product too. There can be situations where the company might think the design to be feasible but might have to give up going by the designs prevalent in the markets. This can make economical impacts too. Sometimes, the innovative products might not provide the required revenue to the company. In other words it might not be economical. In such situations again, trade off of the products comes into action. Tradeoffs can arise due to environmental constraints too. The innovative design thought by the company may no t be in accordance with the environmental factors and might have to be removed or substituted. Any new product launched in the market spreads by innovation and it is affected by the technical, market, economic and environmental factors. These factors pull up stakes determine the tradeoffs that will be introduced for the innovative products. Environmental impacts of the electric and hybrid vehicles Electric cars and hybrid cars have had their environmental impacts. objet dart the former is considered not environment friendly, the latter does not cause much harm to the environment. Electric cars increase pollution levels than hybrid cars. Electricity that is generated to power electric vehicles led to more pollution caused by particulate matter matter than the pollution caused by the equivalent number in the petrol driven cars (Gayle, 2012). Though there are several benefits of electric cars over hybrid cars the harmful consequences are more in case of the electric cars. Sustainable consumption and its importance to global issues Sustainable production as well as consumption means the usage of goods and other services that caters to basic requirements and leads to a better quality in biography, while reducing the usage of natural resources, decreasing the toxic materials and the harmful emissions of the wastes and the pollutants over the product life cycle, so that the conditions for the future generations are not jeopardized (Solid Wastes and Emergency Response, 2012).The concept of sustainable consumption is important to fancy how to use optimum levels of resources and minimize the release of harmful substances. It is important in global issues as

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Effects Of Organic Waste Pollution On The Natural Environment Essay

Effects Of Organic blow Pollution On The Natural Environment - Essay ExampleWater cycle that consist of real(a) flow on earths surface to body of weewee masses argon many of the causes of water pollution as the flows collect materials into water bodies and are vulnerable to intentional pollution through domestic and industrial waste disposal. This paper discusses environmental effects of fundamental waste pollution and reviews an article that uses toxicology to suss out the impacts of water pollution on the inborn environment. Effects of organic waste pollution on the natural environment Organic discharge into water bodies has varying effects on the environment. One of the effects of organic pollution is the disintegration of organic matter to changed odour and gustatory perception of water. Effects of continuous degradation are accumulation of compounds much(prenominal) as hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans and this leads to gradual increase in changed odour and taste of wa ter that may not be suitable for sensitive flora and fauna. Organic pollutants also destabilise oxygen preoccupancy in water masses. Many factors lead to this shift from equilibrium of water submerging. Processes of organic components of water such as photosynthesis and respiration uses oxygen and may change oxygen engrossment in water. Photosynthesis may increase concentration beyond its equilibrium while respiration may reduce the direct of concentration. Anaerobic respiration and oxidation of organic pollutants are other factors that can reduce oxygen concentration in water. ... Insufficient oxygen in water may also cause death of aquatic animals. Such deaths further leads to accumulation of organic compounds in water and worsen the problem with oxygen concentration. finale of plants and animals in the water bodies also generate aesthetic effect besides increasing water turbidness (Goel 2006, p 116- 120). Organic pollution also affects levels of production of aquatic plants and animals. As the pollutants begin to invade water bodies, aquatic plants and animals benefits from nutrients that the organic pollutants may contain and this leads to high order of photosynthesis and respiration among other processes. Increased concentration of organic pollutants still have adverse effects on aquatic lives as respiration rates increase and this leads to aesthetic effect and instability in oxygen concentration. Accumulation of organic pollutants also increases concentration of chemical compounds such as hydrogen sulphide and ammonia, chemicals that have adverse effects on some plant and animal species such as phytoplankton. High levels of organic pollution are also a threat to biodiversity. At normal water conditions, without organic pollutants, all aquatic plants, and animals are able to make it and their populations are constant. High levels of pollution however threaten the lives and less bounteous plants and animals die. Some plants and animals may howeve r be tolerant and survive the harsh conditions due to the pollution. Consequently, aquatic life will consist of the tolerant species that may only be few. Loss of biodiversity from the pollution can also be permanent, unless artificial measures such as reintroduction of the extinct species upon resumption of normal condition in the polluted aquatic environment. Organic

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Seminal Works Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Seminal Works - Annotated Bibliography suithysics has been one of the many philosophical fields which have been found interesting by the greatest of philosophies in the world over the past years. Having been able to develop for the longest time, it has been adopted in explaining very many things by man, and because of this it has been able to become a major field which has seen very many students behind it. small-arm there argon separate fields and concepts of philosophy such as epistemology, the concept of metaphysics has been greatly considered as major concept which has a lot foundations in defining the qualities and worldly concern of objects and beings, and because of that there have been other concepts which have been developed through itself, and a good example include expressionism and existentialism.Films are created and written with wise to(p) meanings embedded in almost all aspects such as settings, sets, props, music and even title and props. These are used to persua de and pass a give message to the audience. Bound can be analyse as a rhetorical artifact delivering the above qualities. Beginning with the title of the film bound, the attestant understands the lesbianism between Violet and Corky. The settings and sets in the film also represent the intended themes of the film. For example, Corky and Violet tint and Violet requests her to help in retrieving an earring. The characters in the film have also helped pass a given message thereby persuading the audience.Following the originality of metaphysics, man wanted to understand the concepts and manner in which human existence was, and how he did relate with the other objects and things having physical bodies and which existence in the world. As well, the non-existence of objects and materials would also become something expenditure understanding, and thus the field would come up with more foundations aimed at underpinning the major thoughts and understanding of the ancient philosophers with their metaphysics and epistemology. In present days, there

Friday, April 19, 2019

Sex and Violence in movies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

trip out and Violence in movies - research Paper ExampleThere atomic number 18 various different genres of movies that show an change magnitude sexual inwardness and violence. For example, horror movies, crime based movies and war movies turn over increased levels of violence and similarly romantic comedies establish been bordering towards showing increased sexual content. Additionally, movies that are considered to be avant-garde and cult, instead of mainstream also confirm an increased display of twain sexual content and violence. Even though the Motion Picture Association of the Statess Classification and Ratings Administration has set down the various ratings that determine suitable viewing, it is meaning(a) to show that the level of acceptance of violence and sex is much higher(prenominal) (Abraham and Basuroy, 2004). To illustrate, movies alike(p) Stuart Gordons unrated Re-animator (1985) and the films of Larry Clark have authoritative criticism for being extremel y violent and for showing excessive sexual content. It is also interesting to get down that how the levels of acceptance among the audience have also been increasingly slowly. For instance, when the young audiences watch a movie like The Exorcists, instead of being terrified and shocked, they watch it more like a comedy movie (Curti and Selva, 2003). Therefore, the translation of what is considered to be extreme and what is considered to be acceptable keeps on changing generation after generation. Effects of Sex and Violence on Movie audience The high level of sexually explicit content on and violence does indeed have an effect on the audience. It is a universally accepted fact that movies have the capacity to influence people and their actions. In this scenario, it is necessary to highlight some of the negative influence that both sex and violence in movies have on their audience. 1. Desensitizing Constant exposure to violence as well as sexual content can reduce the sensitivit y among the viewers. This can create a notion that such behavior is acceptable in the society. In some cases, it can result in the distortion of world view. Therefore, crimes related to sex or violence may lose perspective as real crimes in the vision of the people (Williams, 1995). By increasing the extremity of the element of violence in movies, the tendency would be that the audience will not react strongly if and when they encounter or peck about such instances in real life. Therefore, increasing the realism of movies to make it extreme by adding higher sounds and bigger screens such as in the beginning of the movie Saving Private Ryan (1998), does have a tendency to desensitize the audience. In todays society, that is replete with increasing instances of violence and terrorism, it is very important for individuals to be sensitive and to understand the impact of such acts. Therefore, it is really unfair to desensitize an audience. 2. Negative effectuate on children and young person The categories of individuals that get most affected by acts of violence and sex in the movies are children and youth. For them, everything that they see on the big screen is glamorized and is something that they can imitate in their real life. Extreme scenes of violence as well as high level of sexual content can attract the youth and make them imitate it as a part of their hero worship. For some others, witnessing such scenes can have traumatic experiences and affect psychologically. The genre of movies that came to be known as the slasher movies like I Know What You Did brave Summer (1997), and Urban Legend (1998) were criticized for

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Database Security for Electronics Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Database earnest for Electronics Ltd - Essay ExampleDatabase security is the process of protecting the files stored in the database from whatsoever malicious attempts of viewing the data or modifying the data (Ramakrishnan & Gehrke, 2003, p 157). The standard language that is utilize for making an interactive query from and, update the databases as Microsoft SQL server is known as the Structure Query Language (SQL). This paper tries to analyze the authorization issues that are arising from having a database server online. Securities in the software applications are very signifi chamberpott in altogether the organization that has databases. An SQL give upion outrage is one of the identified potential issues that might arise from having the databases online. SQL injection lash out is a type of an attack that comes from what the user has inputted, and is not well checked to find if the input is valid. SQL scene attack enables the external users to view information from the dat abase. In other systems that are well designed, it will further include the information that is available to the public. While in a system which is poorly designed, this would only support the external users in discovering other peoples password (Basta & Zgola, 2012, p 167). The objective of the SQL injection attack is to fool a database system to a running malicious code that will reveal the subtile data or information or else it may compromise the whole server. SQL injection attacks are of 2 types there are the first-order attacks, and the second-order attacks. The first-order attacks happens when the attacker attempts to receive an immediate desired result, this can be by at once rejoinder coming from the application that is being interacted to, or it may be some other response mechanisms, for example emails. While the second-order attacks takes place when the attacker attempts to inject some of the data that are going to await in the database, although the payload will n ot be activated immediately. Most websites are commonly used in mounting the attack on the database (Cherry, 2011, pg 201). For example, the below is an example for a typical SQL statement that can be used to mount an attack on the website. SELECT ProductName, Unit Price, QuantityperUnit FROM Products WHERE ProductName LIKE F% The higher up SQL statement tries to select the name of the product, the price per unit, and the unit per quantity from where the products are stored where the ProductName must start with a letter F (ProductName LIKE F%). The main aim of the attackers in database is to make sure that they inject their own SQL into a statement that the application may use when querying the database. For the above SQL statement, just in any case the query was generated from the website the user must therefore insert the letter F as the query. However, if a server side code inserts a user input directly in an SQL statement, the SQL statement may look like this, but it is only fi ne if the data that is inputted is valid. String sql = SELECT ProductName, Unitprice, QuantityPerUnit + FROM Products + WHERE ProductName LIKE + search, text + % SQL injection attack damages SQL injection attacks have been somehow limited concerning the risks that are associated with unintended revealing of the data. Today SQL injection has evolved, and it has become the preferred method and, processes that are used by the hackers in breaching well-liked websites. It has as well as inserted a malware websites. SQL injections alternatively, may

Answer the questions of my exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

coiffe the questions of my exam - Assignment ExampleThe initial step in this process is attaining of essential nurture, which is the work of the nous acting as hardware to input data. To input data, brain ought to recognize it, which is the perception stage, aimed at ascertaining the typewrite of information. Then the brain interprets data based on its intended purpose or goal to begin with producing encoding signal meant to store information short or long-term memory. In the Goal compartment, information is already stored depending on its purpose whereby before proceeding to the Intention Formation stage to receive web definition of purpose. Mainly, this stage is the initial step of information refining process supposed to ensure the required information goes to the effecting of the set task, which is at Action specification stage. Execution stage is merely humanitys body that assumes all actions, which the brain has processed and formatted as required with the intention of f ulfilling a certain purpose. B. How does the innovation of attention limit our performance when interacting with systems? Attention based on wizards settings varies considerably all by limiting or contributing in augmenting our performances. However, in most cases especially when interacting with systems, attention proves to be a detrimental aspect that degrades the expected performance. This is because of numerous distractions an individual experiences characterizing varied settings star inhabits. Most distractions testify that interrupt ones performance encompass radios on going chat that prompts an individual to have a divided attention and fail in what he or she is doing. Since, darn tackling a task and interacting with the system, an individual tends to focus on what the radio programme is trying to communicate to its listeners. Consequently, this reduces ones attention making them fail to be actively involved in their present task. C. explain why we need to understand h ow Human information processing (HIP) works and how psychological models help us to do this? First, is to understand how human mental processes function with the intention of utilizing them effectively in attaining our intended goals. Since, one will be in a position to augment his or her performance by counsel on one aspect at a time compared to when he or she has numerous tasks and is multitasking. It besides aids in shunning errors that may lead to poor performances caused by human behaviours, which when one has non studied them is extremely difficult to understand, for instance, skill-based behaviours (over habitual slips). D. Why is this theory different from earlier models/ theories that assume bilinear processing (e.g MHP)? What does current research say? The current method compares mental processes with that of computer, whereby in each surgical incision there are other extremely complex activities. Mainly, these activities or processes condition information in much(pre nominal) a way to achieve the final intended goal. E. What cognitive strategies do we use that may erect our performance when interaction with system? The include Skill-based Rules-based Knowledge-based F. Illustrate the components of HIP systems and explain how they work using the unidirectional One model? Information/Words- This represents materials or data which brain attains from the world. Perception- It is an initial step, whereby brain

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Ford Motor Company Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

crosswalk Motor Company Business - Case Study Example erect integration strategy is adopted by Ford and it provided them competency in the industry. Along with the supremacy report, unfastened problems existed with the company. In the beginning of 1990s, Ford automotive-focused on the North American region do huge success whereas, at the same time, the business sector focused on the European machine market save greater losses and break even. Since the year 1999, the company showed greater developments through opposite operational strategies. In between 1999 and 2001, the newly appointed CEO of the company implemented consumer services sector as a part of the Ford Motor business. It was affected by the challenges aroused from safety issues related to the rollover accidents of Ford adventurer Sport. The business relations of the company with the tire manufacturers Firestone was broken from these issues. Nearly 20 million imperfect tires were need to be returned to Firestone. Operating loss faced by the company after September 11, 2001, due to the requirements of sales incentives on the recalled tire on the ground of aging of the product. Ford now encompasses many global brands, including capital of Nebraska and Mercury of the US, Jaguar, and come to Rover of the UK, and Volvo of Sweden. Ford also owns a one-third controlling matter to in Mazda. Ford also recently purchased the Rover name to move others from using it to capitalize on Land Rover. (Ford Motor Company Production File Archive for rake Certificate Design 1951 2009).... The tax occupation seems to be the main default with the conversion of profitability in greater stock market return. erect integration strategy is adopted by Ford and it provided them competency in the industry. Along with the success report, undefended problems were exists with the company. In the beginning of 1990s, Ford automotive focused on the North American region made huge success whereas at the same time, the business sector focused on the European Car market recorded greater losses and break even. Since the year 1999, the company showed greater developments through different operational strategies. In between 1999 and 2001, the newly appointed CEO of the company, implemented consumer services sector as a part of the Ford Motor business. It was affected by the challenges aroused from safety issues related to the rollover accidents of Ford Explorer sport. The business relations of the company with the tyre manufacturers Firestone was broken from these issues. Nearly 20 million defective tyres were required to be returned to Firestone. Operating loss faced by the company after September 11, 2001 due to the requirements of sales incentives on the recalled tyre on the ground of ageing of the product.Ford now encompasses many global brands, including Lincoln and Mercury of the US, Jaguar, and Land Rover of the UK, and Volvo of Sweden. Ford also owns a one-third controlling interest in Mazda. Ford also recently purchased the Rover name (which is no longer in use) to keep others from using it to capitalize on Land Rover. (Ford Motor Company Production File Archive for Stock Certificate Design - 1951 2009). In the year 1999 the company attained position among the worlds ten largest corporations by receipts and one of the worlds most profitable

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

HR as a Strategic partner Essay Example for Free

HR as a Strategic partner EssayHuman Resources the one part that is the most important to a companys bottom-line is also one that is treated with the least admiration across all industries. The general consensus is that the HR Department and the rest of the organization are Strange Bedfellows, when in fact they are Strategic Partners who should blend seamlessly to achieve organizational objectives. But what we see is a resolved dislike for the HR surgical incision by most employees of the organization. The reason for this sorry state of affairs gutter be traced to several widespread myths regarding the function among employees. Two of the most important ones are as follows romance No. 1 Employees feel that The HR function is responsible for making employees happy. They should take care of everything, from providing employees penny-pinching food to ensuring that the ACs temperature is just right. When in reality, an HR man suppuraters clientele is non to make employees content it is to make them competent. In simpler words, HR Managers will not provide you a beanbag at work to recline on, but they will strive to increase your competencies that would hold you in rock-steady stead for the rest of your life.And that is all that matters in todays professional and highly competitive world. falsehood No. 2 The HR department comprises of a bunch of great deal who sit around in their ivory tower and make rules according to their whims and fancies. While actually, HR as a function not only belongs to HR Managers, but to all managers across the organization. Translated, it means that the HR function is highly inclusive and works in tandem with all departments of the company. The exactity of the HR function can be mute by asking a simple question What is it that makes any organization a success or a failure?Planning, Strategic decisions, Productivity, Sales figures, etc. , are a few things that instantly stick to to mind. What we forget to acknowledg e is the fact that all these factors are a result of the efforts of the people of the organization. And who ensures that the right kinds of people are positioned in the right jobs in the company? The answer to that one is quite obvious. The HR department performs an array of complex activities From Manpower Planning to Recruitment, Performance Management to Compensation and Benefits, Training and Development to course Advancement all of which aimat Organizational as well as individual employee development. And heretofore they are accused of being a necessary evil and a dark bureaucratic power by many. The HR function is Necessary, Yes is it an evil? No It is a Force, yes but Dark and Bureaucratic? No and No So why is HR misunderstood and mistrusted by so many, especially when the function is a benign one? Honestly, the blame lies partly with the HR managers as well for letting things get let out of hand.Somewhere in the trade-off among the various roles that they are expected to play, HRs in general impart started placing more wideness on the roles of the Admin Expert Strategic Partner and have foregone the roles of the Change component and Employee Champion. While they are performing the former two flawlessly, the latter roles are of great magnificence as well. And this negligence has resulted in widespread manifestation of disregard for the function. And unless we strike a balance between these paradoxical roles, redefining HR as an EmployeeFriendly function would be an uphill task.That said, lets take a look what other options we have, as future HR personnel to dispel the feeling of general irritation towards the function? The answer quite simply lies in the basics. As with any other relationship, proper communion is the key to mend damages in professional relationships too. The HR person is every employees freshman point of contact before/ immediately after joining an organization. Right from the induction programs, it is the HR who facilitat es the transformation of a person from an outsider to a member of the organization.And we need to leverage this power for all its outlay right from the word go We need to establish proper communication channels right from the measure of entry of the employee into the organization and ensure that this process of communication is a perpetual process and not an sporadic one. Next of course are the all-encompassing and highly coveted employee bout programs. Ensuring that the HR department is intercommunicate not merely as a facilitator but also as the interface that conducts such engagement activities would ensure that employees have a falsify inperspective regarding HRs in general. Instead of going roughly this the tried and tested way, HRs can get creative and use several innovative means to achieve this. From videos depicting a day in the life of an HR to shadowing programs (which would give employees a real-time feel of the trials and tribulations of an HR person) the possi bilities are endless. And most importantly, as stressed upon earlier in this article, HR is not just about performance appraisals and pay cuts. The function is the backbone of any organization, performing an array of critical activities.HR managers need to convince the employees that they are in fact their allies and not their detractors. The new age HR managers need to remember that each action of theirs reflects on the image of the function as a whole. A slight change in our attitudes would go a long way in changing employee perceptions about our function. We as a team honestly believe that it is not a question of If this change would happen rather it is a question of When it would happen. And when this happens, the HR function would assume its rightful position of importance in the Organizational structure.

Monday, April 15, 2019

The Color Purple Essay Example for Free

The Color empurpled EssayThe novel the color purple by Alice Walker is well known for is revolutionary floor of black lesbianism. Until this novel and other clueing writers touched on the subject of black lesbianism, it was viewed as nettlesome and unspeakable. The protagonist, Celie, brings respect and positive attri neverthelesses to the idea of black lesbianism. Walkers depicture of Celie not only relates constructive events towards lesbianism, but as well journeys through the rejection of male dominance and how it brings Celie freedom.Most of Celies freedom comes in the form of fiscal relief and independence. However freedom also comes from Celies change of world view from a repressive patriarchal society and paragon to a gentle and softer version of religion. Walker emphasizes the oppression black women baptistery in relationships with black men (brothers, fathers, husbands, spangrs) and the bond the women must form with each other in outrank to free themselves.R ight from the beginning of the novel, Walker introduces a hard to digest picture of rape, incest, and internal cruelty. He never had a kine word to say to me Then he push his thing privileged my pussy. When that hurt, I cry. He start to choke me (Walker 1). This telling of rape by her father is also seen through the eyes of the ratifier as lacking emotion or at least the emotions such as anger and anguish that come with an event such as rape. Celies life begins to form into a picture of a slaves, with her missing feelings and reactions to the horrible fates that befall her. After this rape, Celie becomes pregnant and is forced to discontinue with her child straight after.According to Ana Marie Fraile-Marcos who wrote a critical essay on Walkers womanist imitation of lesbianism, Celies awakenual abuse becomes endemic after her two successive pregnancies and deliveries. Celie seems to accept sexual ontogeny and oppression as shaping factors in her life and not only does Celie b ecome a sexual object, her story also echoes the life of a slave. An auction scene is called to mind when Celie is told to walk in forward of Albert, while he decides whether or not to take her as his new wife.Along with the physical oppression, Celie also has to endure psychological oppression due to her sexual exploitation. During Celies pregnancies, she had to put up with the confusing rack of her mother at the same cartridge holder as her father blames her for her mothers slow passing. at last Celies mother passes cursing her, although Celie is at a loss to what she did wrong. Next to her mothers proscribe affliction, Celie also curses herself and believes that she is on the road to hell for committing incest imposed on her by her father.In her mind, Celie is living in sin without redemption (Fraile-Marcos). The men were forces of her oppression, which made Celie turn towards women for her liberation. During her childhood, Celie was close with her sister and found a love th at she would sincerely protect. She scared. But I say Ill take care of you. Although Celies love for Nettie is a bond that lasts through the whole novel, the most important figure to influence Celies change in submissiveness is Shug Avery.Through uncovering the letters Nettie wrote to Celie, forcing Albert to beat Celie less, and just being the woman who did whatever she wanted, Shug was the leading flake who taught Celie the beauty of sexuality. After quizzing Celie in Shugs first stay, Shug deemed Celie a virgin due to her never having sex with someone that she loves. From that point, Shug begins to teach her about the female body, which Celie enjoys because sexuality turns from a negative and repressive force, to one that becomes exciting. Shugs most important contribution to Celies self-realization is love, both sexually and spiritually (Fraile-Marcos). Through this self-realization, Celie comes to the end point that she has a sister who loves her and will always write to her , and has Shug who has the intention of loving her and helping her get on her feet. All of the forces involved in Celies positive evolution come from the female gender, which leads Celie to her change in religion. Shugs spiritual contribution to Celies self realization is the modification of the picture of God in Celies mind.At the start of the novel, Celies version of God was one who was a white ascendancy figure, who only gave orders and punished the people who stepped out of line. Okay, I say. He big and old and tall and graybearded and white. He wear white robes and go barefooted (Walker 194). Celies version of God did not have time for her and saw her sufferings as something to just move on from. However, Shug soon initiates a spiritual awakening that begins with her translation of God, who doesnt have specific characteristics and instead is more a spiritual presence. God personalt a he or a she, but an It Dont look like nothing, she say. It aint a picture show. It aint some thing you can look at apart from anything else, including yourself (Walker 195). Shug showed that God was found within everyone and everything, instead of a figure impossible to relate to. Celies journey dragged her from a hellish, detached existence to a life she could feeling pulsing through her body. After her self-revelation and freedom from oppression, Celie back up herself thorough making pants.This created an independent woman out of Celie, and taught her to rely on herself more than the people around her such as her oppressors or even Shug. Believing God was a white, despotic figure lead Celie to her rejection of the world, rejection to male dominance, and her acceptance of an unfair society. However, femininity brought Celie back to the world and showed her the kind, caring, and gentle side of life. Walker took the reader through a journey of finding Celies personal voice and also helped the reader accept and regard the rejection of male dominance.

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Personal Revision Strategy Essay Example for Free

Personal edict Strategy EssayMy personal strategy for revising a piece of pen involves reading by the entire piece of music to ensure that it conveys the intended meaning. It is important to wait a while after writing the first draft before taking another thorough look at it. Specific fierceness should be placed on the thesis of the story to ensure that the argument of the paper is strictly adhered to. by and by this, I examine the manner in which the paragraphs flow into one another and I arrange them in the appropriate order. For example, a typical essay is arranged by putting the introduction at the beginning, followed by body, before the final part of the paper known as the conclusion. Every paragraph in the paper should also fork out a link to the thesis of the paper. It is necessary to ensure that the opening argument of the paper is explained in the first line of each paragraph to ensure that theres sufficient pellucidity and consistency throughout the document. A fter restricting for proper paragraph transition, the next thing I do is check for typographical errors. This ensures that punctuation marks like commas and semi-colons are used appropriately.Tools such as the Grammar maintain, Spell Check and the Dictionary also come in handy during the revision process (Zinsser, 2001). When the aforementioned steps have been concluded, I format the whole document to suit the required audience. For example, academic writings are presented in a format thats entirely different from presentations. The next step involves sending the paper in for peer review. Peer review is very critical to producing a good paper because it gives the writer a chance to receive feedback and constructive criticism on the document before the final submission (Hairston Friend, 2002). another(prenominal) areas of importance that need to be examined during the revision process include the balance of the paper, tone and formality of the verbiage used, accuracy of facts out lined, references and the general writing style (Elbow, 1998).References Elbow, P. (1998). Writing With Power . forward-looking York Oxford UP. Hairston, M. R. , Friend, C. (2002). How do you Revise, Edit, and Proofread? New York Longman. Zinsser, W. (2001). On Writing Well. New York HarperCollins .

Saturday, April 13, 2019

Participatory Notes - Concept Essay Example for Free

democratic Notes Concept EssayParticipatory notes are issued by FIIs to their unregistered clients who want to point in the Indian equity market but do not want to meet the apocalypse requirements to do so. Thus the modus operandi they opt for is to invest their money with the fund companies (FIIs), who will invest in Indian market on their behalf. The fund company is registered with SEBI in India and issues participatory notes to these investors as a proof of their investment.Participatory notes are instruments used by foreign funds not registered in the country to trade in the domestic market. SEBIs Concern and rulings regarding these notes Participatory Notes brook always been a bone of contention for SEBI as the identity of the investors is not known. In 2003, there was a boom in the stock market in the first place due to a lot of foreign funds. This also led to a lot of volatility in the Indian market because a lot of Investment was done through Participatory Notes.So in 2003, SEBI amended regulations relating to foreign institutional investors to incorporate a new 10 point code of discharge and inserted a clause seeking disclosure of information with regard to participatory notes. The code seeks compliance to hot corporate governance standards and SEBI regulations. SEBI has clarified that there is no change in the rules relating to FIIs except for the strengthening of KYC Norms. They have also given a ruling which states that from Now on, The PNs can only be issued to Registered Entities.The actual invest parties must be registered with the regulator of their country of Incorporation. In addition, to facilitate the process of transition, derivative instruments already issued and dandy against un-regulated entities will not be required to be terminated immediately. It has been decided that the said contracts will be permitted to expire or to be wound down on maturity, or within a catch of 5 years, whichever is earlier.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

On the Road Essay Example for Free

On the Road probeResponse Chapters 1-2From the very first pages of the book it becomes clear that the book is a novel of characters rather than a novel of plot. I think the novel captures the audience due to unexpected movements of the main characters. First chapters demo that the whole plot centers on the character of dean Moriarty. The novel starts with Sals descriptions of his life before Dead. He has just split up with his wife, has recovered from serious illness and, we see that he simply doesnt know where to move and how to arrange his life. Sal seems to be weaker personality than doyen, who manages to direct Sals actions the way he likes. Sal feels timeworn and depressed and I think that he has lost sense of life. It is Dean that sparks Sals personality into motion. It is come-at-able to say that Dean is personification of Sals stargazes. Sal has always dreamed of moving to the West and Deans arrives from there. Dean lives in San Francisco, travels across the country . Dean drinks a lot, uses drugs and has many women. Moreover, he is a father of four children from two various women.In the first two chapters Kerouac juxtaposes the ideas of the East and the West. The East is presented as old, intellectual, critical, saddened and stagnant, whereas the West is presented as passionate, wild, young and exuberant. Sal and Dean are described with attributes of the places they are from. The West is a bare-ass horizon for Sal, and the East is a new horizon for Dean. The novel is told from Sals perspective and we are allowed only to see and to feel through Sal. In the first chapters Sal remain unchanged he is only sparked with the idea of something new and unexplored. Sal is impressed by Deans impulsiveness and recklessness. I think that Sal is willing to have the same qualities as Dean, he realizes that he whitethorn change his life, to introduce something new and wild in his bored lifestyle.Response Chapters 3-4We see that Sals disaster with Dean be gins. Sal is very excited as he will become acquainted with places he has never been to. Thus, his descriptions of the passing places are exuberant and vivid. I think Sal fees younger, stronger and more confident(p). Through the long sentences and paragraphs, Kerouac shows that Sals enkindle feelings are constant, they are rolling in motion. Sal reminds a child who is allowed to something secret, forbidden, something he has never been allowed to do.Relative calm down occurs in the Des Moines hotel, when Sal awakes in the morning and cant understand where he is, who he is and what he is doing. He realizes he is somewhere halfway across America, between the East and West. I think Sal realizes he is halfway from his long-awaited dream. Sals emotions are paralleled with surrounding geography. Through geography Sal manages to provide his emotions, ideas and dreams with definite forms. Sals emotions are changing and geography is changing as well.Interestingly, Sal feels when approachin g the west everything is better and bigger. Even the ice unction and apple pie are testier. All the characters Sal meets on the road are individuals, they are epitomes of the region, embodiments of better living standards. To refer all events and characters, Sal describes everything in superlatives the best, the prettiest, the hugest, etc. It shows that he is really fascinated with his journey and really obsessed with the West. For Sal, capital of Colorado is the Promised Land, Nebraska resembles the Nile Valley, and San Francisco is the greatest among them. Sal visits Denver, where Dean was born. Again Sal thinks Dean is envisioning the West. These chapters are the climax of Sals compassion, unrest and clear-eyed tolerance. We see Sal simply follows Dean in everything he even reshapes his values and beliefs.Response Chapters 5-6Sals adventure with Dean continues new impressions, new acquaintances, new ideas and new dreams. Sal realizes that the West is approaching, and he feels more confident that his dream will come true. Nevertheless, we see that Sal remains modest about himself, although he envisions place and the great unwashed in grand terms. Sal is constantly pleased, and, at the same time, he seems not to believe that he may approach the West. He has been dreaming of the West for many years, and I think it is difficult for him to understand that his dream may be accomplished. He is thankful to Dean for opportunity of self-expression and self-realization. In my opinion, I cant say that Dean is positive character. Yes, he has influenced Sal showing him new opportunities and new horizons, but Dean is as well wild and mad. Sal didnt understand yet possible outcomes of their so-called friendship.Dean is zealous and wild personality, though he is captivating as well. And his wildness and craziness attracts Sal who used to live a calm life. Sal begins pictorial representation himself in the eyes of his new friends. He stumbles into Denver considering the city mysterious. Nonetheless, we know that Sal is too earnest and absurd to affect something or someone. Sal is the person who is affected, not the one who affects. Despite Sal is with his friends, he feels less- confident. When he gives a sibyllic answer, he is criticized and, instead of defending his position, he explains that he doesnt know what they try to get at.In these chapters Kerouac shows that Sal is more an observer rather than performer. He faces new world and he doesnt know how to pull off with it, how to behave, what to expect from it. I think that the majority of Sals idealistic visions are nothing more than facades, and in future they will definitely result in sadness and disillusionment. However, Sal is mot aware of that fact.

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Upton Sinclair “The Jungle” Essay Example for Free

Upton Sinclair The Jungle EssayUpton Sinclair was a power plant of a writer, churning out 90 novels, 30 plays and countless articles, stories and pamphlets during his long life. In 1906, he gained fame and became a rich gentlemans gentleman after the publication of the muckraking The Jungle, a novel about the horrors of the Chicago meat-packing business industry. The book helped convince Congress to pass the first Pure Food and Drug Act afterward that year. (Sinclair 1906) Nowadays people live in the orb of economics and many people are thriving whereas many others are trying to dig through difficulties. Such struggle for survival was constant end-to-end the history of all societies. Sinclairs novel The Jungle is one of the examples of such struggle penetrating into the conflicts of socialism, capitalism, infixed selection and American dream. The novel involves readers into a journey of recent Lithuanian immigrants to America. It is seen that this journey opens a bare-a ssed world full of unexpected and awful events. (Sinclair 1906)Immigrants have to come to American where in the early twentieth one C it was said that any man willing to work an honest day would make a support and could support his family. (Sinclair 1906) Sinclair telling his story stimulates reader to start symbolic war against capitalism. It is apparent that Sinclair really disguises the truly idea of capitalism presenting his idea throughout the novel from cover to cover. Capitalism in the novel is personified in the Jurgis desire to work, to earn more money as well as in the corruption of the man at the highest levels of society, etc.(Sinclair 1906) It is obvious that the symbols of capitalism and socialism are seen from the very start of the novel as they are constantly interrelated with the novel progression. Firstly, the origin depicts the identity of Lithuanians considering they have the same values such as getting drunk and dancing. Sinclair makes to feel sympathy for those people as they try to preserve and go over traditions which they have brought with them from their native land. For example, everybody had his feeling of everything and strangers were al counselings welcomed and warmly treated.In such a way the author introduces the concept of socialism meaning that everybody is equal in society. real the author tries to present socialism as the resolution to hi novel. Sinclair illustrates plight of the workers in Packingtown as the unfairness of capitalism. People were persuaded 5o join socialistic action due to promised improvements in working conditions. When the main(prenominal) heroes Jurgis and Ona took a good luck for the first time, Jurgis said Tomorrow, I will go there and get a Job, and then we can have a come out of the closet of our own.(Sinclair 1906) Jurgis is the representative of capitalism he is longing to work in the plant considering it is the only way to make decent living and his poverty is the main driving force. H owever, it bore no fruits. The next ii ideas involved into novel are concepts of social Darwinism or ingrained selection and American dream. Upton Sinclair introduced the idea of natural selection into his novel illustrating that only the best suited were able to survive in that environment and frail had to die off. The example is the prevalence of corruption in the town.American Dream is simply ridiculed throughout the story. Sinclair provided the main hero with a strong character having good morals and willing to work hard for family survival. Actually American Dream is embodied in Jurgis I will work harder. (Sinclair 1906) It is a matter of particular that capitalism is strongly criticized by Upton Sinclair throughout the novel. The author made an attempt to show the misery of capitalism leading immigrants through awful working conditions, unfair social attitude and treatment, impossibility to adapt to new world.It is apparent that Upton tried to open a door to new way of li ving so-called socialism. The come to of the Sinclairs novel on the public is strong and it is possible to suggest the novels process is to serve as the propaganda against capitalism. Upton Sinclair wanted people to have equal job opportunities and better living conditions. He understood the difficulties of poor people and thus he always criticized unfairness in society.ReferencesSinclair, Upton (1906) The Jungle. New York Doubleday, Page.

Monday, April 8, 2019

Alternative Medicine Essay Example for Free

Alternative Medicine try outThe widespread implement of substitute(a) euphony nowadays has driven scientists to study it and understand the reasons of the superior solicit for un stuffy treatment. According to Zollman C, and Vickers A. (1999), complementary and substitute medicine (CAM) fuel be defined as sanative and diagnostic disciplines which ar exogenous of the institutions where fresh methods of treatment be exist and taught. Eisenberg D. (1993), defines CAM as health check interventions which ar comm all not taught at medical schools and not gener everyy provided at hospitals in the US. These 2 definitions argon not fully satis situationory beca pulmonary tuberculosis, firstly, both(prenominal) forms of CAM which were tested by scientists and appeared to be safe and rough-and-ready and found a place in conventional medical mainstream. Secondly, CAM is not about medical intervention, which style of life impacts of taken drugs. The mass of CAM is base d on psychology, spirituality, sociology and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which make trials difficult. However, despite the fact that conventional medicine is scientific based and proven by cognition, some(prenominal) people still use alternative medicine instead or as a compliment to the modern one. Research shows that the majority of the patients at an Accident and Emergency department utilise to refer to some forms of CAM. (Waterbrook A.L, 2008).Other studies show that over the period of the last 20 years an increase in interest in CAM was observed. Approximately 30% of the UK population (Ernst, 1996) and al virtually the aforementioned(prenominal) in the USA (Kuhn, 1999, Wooton and Sporber, 2001) have used alternative medicine. Referring to these sources it is seen that the demand for CAM remain high nowadays however, the importance here is not to evaluate the reasons why people still use alternative medicine nevertheless to prove or disprove the outweighing advant ages of CAM over conventional medicine. The key bakshis is to understand what there is about CAM that differentiates it from modern health maintenance. It is argued that individuals to date embrace CAM because it meets consumer needs and provides health care without any side effects, curing an illness completely not just minimizing the ail for a improvident period. However, despite the popularity of CAM, the effectiveness cannot be fully trusted and thoroughly tested, whereas, conventional medicine is based on science study and look for and scientifically proven.The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast cardinal firees of medical health care and to prove that advantages of modern medicine outweigh those of alternative methods of treatment in many aspectsand to show that CAM has many disadvantages which have been revealed during surveys. First of all, it is better to learn the history and some forms of unconventional medicine to have background knowledge on it. While mo dern medicine developed due to science evolvement, CAM always existed from many centuries ago till these days. It takes roots from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)found on herb tea remedies withal including psychological, spiritual aspects in their treatment. In contrast to modern medicine, TCM focuses not solely on disease but also on maladjustment of human body and undivided functioning process. The most commonly used forms of CAM are herbal therapy, health food and vitamins consumption, manipulate, relaxation techniques, chiropractic, acupuncture and placebo (Sutherland L.M, 1994). According to the type of treatment they provide, CAM practitioners can be put into four assorts, although there is no defined way of classification for unconventional treatment. The first, psychological and spiritual group comprises faith healers, mystics providing paranormal healings and those who use specific methods affecting human psychology such(prenominal) as hypnosis, mental imaging and l aughter therapy.Those, who advice herbal remedies, vitamin and multivitamin supplements and particular diets like macrobiotic diet, are in the second, nutritional group. The drug and biological category includes highly trained specialists in the drug, various chemicals and vaccine use. It can be injections to improve the immune system, injections of animal live cells and homeopathy. The fourth group consists of chiropractors, touch and massage therapists and acupuncturists, where treatment involves some physical forces. There are also other treatments which are problematic or incapable of being classified, such as iridology, aroma therapy and the identification of internal illness by run of the eye iris (Rubel A, Murray R, 1992). Increasing popularity of CAM and reasons driving people to choose unconventional medicine as a compliment to conventional one or instead of it can be clearly explained. First of all, some people refuse from modern health care because of dissatisfaction wit h it or with the physicians, particularly when a prognosis go no hope for a patient is announced or when a patient experiences revulsion or painful effects of treatment. Dissatisfaction with health care provider is also can be one of the reasons of use CAM.Studies at University of Limpopo revealed that patients were disappointed with attitudes of doctors. They claimed thatphysicians did not provide sufficient condemnation for consultation, some of which were only 10 to15 minutes. In addition, it is argued that health care providers behaved as if they were cognizant of everything and often not explaining about illness and not providing learning about treatment (Ogunbanjo G, 2008). This strength be the reason of disappointment and stimulating people to seek alternative treatments. On the contrary, approach of homeopaths was likely to be preferred by patients. According to the research done by professor Gboyega Ocunbanjo at University of Limpopo (2008), relationship between patien t and CAM practitioner played more than(prenominal) crucial region what than type of treatment was used. Homeopaths haveed patients not only physically but morally, they spent more time on discussion of the problem than mainstream medicine doctors did, relationship was person-to-person, rather than patient and physician (Ogunbanjo G, 2008). Consequently, the patients felt themselves more independent and respected by practitioners and made further visits. However, results of this study revealed no potential advantage of CAM, but only psychological aspect of it.It showed significance of relationship between CAM practitioner and patient and moral set up given by homeopaths, missing any proofs on authentic treatment of alternative medicine. Other studies also showed that reasons of switching to CAM depended more on personal view in paranormal, extra-sensory and spirituality rather than dissatisfaction with conventional medicine. panorama held by Custers K et al (2009), exposed t hat preference of CAM was based more on paranormal belief among general public than attitudes towards science. Many CAM practitioners prevailed that alternative therapies disobey severe restrictions of reductionist research. They state that their services are individualized, natural, taking into account mental and social aspects, rather than just the symptoms of illness, and justify a radical remove in the approach of surveys. However, these arguments are built on misinterpretations, and often dealing with the obstacles requires giving the meaning of the research irresolution and afterward obtaining optimal research equipment which corresponds it. For instance, randomized controlled clinical trials are the least prejudiced approach for discovering a genuine answer, if some form of CAM is aimed to be tested for effectiveness (Ernst E, 2000).Still the central question occurs there designed to establish the future role of the CAM in the mainstream health care. Each form of CAM must( prenominal) betested by scientists, because some of them are harmless but others not and some are effective, whereas others can be pure placebos and even dangerous for human health.In 1992, an Office of Alternative Medicine was accomplished in the National Institutes of Health to test unconventional remedies. Results were no comforting, because 28 methods of treatment out of 30 research grants that the office gave have had outcome in final reports in 1993 (National Institutes of Health, 1992). However, probably after sextette years Medline search found that only 9 of the 28 research grants were published. Five of them were in two journals which are not in the list of the 3500 journal titles in Countway library of Medicines accretion (Chou C.K, McDougall J.A, Ahn C, Voru N, 1997). None of the remained four alternative remedies was tested by clinical trial that would allow making any summary on the efficacy of a complementary treatment (Reid S.A, Duke L.M, Allen J.B, 1998).Another research hold by Ernst E (2000), revealed the failure of more than 100 different alternative therapies recommended for treatment of asthma. Ideology of CAM intentionally disregards biologic mechanism, often discredits modern science and bases on ancient practices and herbal remedies which are in some way considered being at the same time more effective and less hazardous than modern methods of treatment. ahead 20th century, majority of herbal remedies were botanicals, obtained from plants. For instance, purple foxglove was discovered to fight edema, the opium poppy to be helpful for cough, pain and diarrhea, and cinchona bark to reduce fever. However, human cost for taking therapies with botanicals was great, because, firstly, they had negative impacts on human body, causation another illness. Secondly, doses of botanicals were random, due to unknown gist of active components (Angell M, 1998). More significant, most of herbal remedies did not pretend at all, and some even were d angerous or qualification cause ending. atomic number 53 could only acknowledge between advantageous and ineffective or toxic botanicals through anecdotes received by word of embouchure (Angell M, 1998). The starting time of the 20th century brought dramatic changes to human healthcare due to huge advance in medical science.The foundation of methods of the identification and purification of the active components in botanicals made their efficacy and safeness greater. After morphia was released from opium poppy, digitalis from the purple foxglove and quinine from cinchona bark, treatment became effective without harming human bodyand other functions (Angell M, 1998). nurture of medical advances are remarkable. As example, treatments with heparin, aspirin, beta-adrenergic blockers and thrombolytic agents have decreased mortal rate from myocardial infarction nucleoside analogues and a protease inhibitor combination can repel the origins of AIDS in people with HIV childishness le ukemia in most cases can be cured by a cocktail of cytotoxic drugs. In addition, the beginning of the 21st century was the key period of invention of vaccines fighting many epidemic scourges, such as poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, hepatitis B and some forms of pneumococcal pneumonia, including the foundation of efficient antibiotics curing many other health problems (Coppes et al, 1998). To support these statements, it is seen that United States has experienced dramatic increase in the life foresight of the country, approximately by lead decades.Partly, the reason for that is better sanitation and living standards, but mostly, due to advances in health care (Coppes et al, 1998). unity may state that conventional medicine also based on anecdotes, which are published in peer-reviewed journals. However, these case reports are completely different from the anecdotes of CAM. Journals publishing about modern medicine are reviewed and assessed by experts. Hence, they describe well-s tructured new opening in a defined terms. If, for instance, a journal received written report of a patients recovery from pancreas pubic louse after taking rhubarb diet, publishers would demand financial support of illness and its scope. They would ask for other patients, who did not regain after rhubarb diet, and might propose essay testing the method on other diseased people. After the results of these and other requirements are satisfactory, journal might publish a case report not as an announcement of a treatment, but as a suggestion of a hypothesis that ought to be tested in a formal clinical trial. In contrast to modern medicine, anecdotes about unconventional treatments lack such documentation and peer-reviewing as they are usually published in magazines and books for public reading (Angell M, 1998). Angell M, (1998) argues that herbal remedies may also be interchange without any knowledge of their mechanism of action.According to DiPoalo and his colleagues report (1998 ), herbal mixture named PC-SPES, where PC stands for prostate cancer and spes is the Latin word for hope, has sufficient estrogenic activity. Estrogens are defined as a group of any steroid hormone, which activate changes in femalereproductive system, after which female secondary knowledgeable typical features develop in human (http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/estrogen, 2011). Despite this, PC-SPES is still sold as clustering patients immune system, who have prostate cancer which is disobedient to estrogen treatment (Alternative Medicine Digest, 1997). Consequently, a lot of men receiving PC-SPES have taken uncertain quantity of hormonal treatment without being informed. Complementary and alternative medicine is not always cheap and may even require more wasting disease than conventional medicine. Researches in 1984 estimated that patients annual expenditure on unconventional health care was 10 billion dollars in the US (Subcommittee on Health and Long-Term Care of the Sel ect Committee on Aging, 1984) and the results of the surveyin 1997 showed 1.6 billion pounds annual expenditure in the UK on CAM (White A, Resch K, Ernst E, 1997).According to Eisenberg et al (1998), 1990s research results estimated that number of visits to CAM practitioners in the US was 425 million, whereas number of call on to conventional health care providers was 388 million in the same year. one-year expenditure on CAM was approximately $ 13.7 billion, in compare to $12.8 billion spent annually on whole hospitalizations in the US in 1990. Another survey held in the US in 1997 considered out-of-pocket expenditure on alternative medicine to be $27 billion which was equal to out-of-pocket expenditure for all modern medicine services (Eisenberg et al, 1998). Indeed, some forms of alternative medicine are more expensive than modern health care. One reason for that might be individual approach of the practitioners towards patients. Homeopaths may receive high fees from patients vis iting them. Second reason can be increasing belief in CAM among people, which drives them to use it more and try other alternative remedies. Individuals start to receive herbal treatments, consult homeopaths and visit CAM practitioners very regularly, including them into their lifestyle, which is pricey in the long-run.To conclude, it is seen that CAM has many disadvantages in compare to conventional medicine, which depends on science and study research. First of all, most forms of CAM failed clinical trials as being hazardous, ineffective and some even being able to cause death in particular cases. Secondly, botanicals such as opium poppy and purple foxglove helped to cure cough and edema, respectively, at the same time destroying human body due to content of active toxic components. In addition, CAM is based on anecdotes,which are received by word of mouth or published or books for public reading. It cannot be fully trusted, because of not being tested or failure in formal clinic al trials. One cannot be sure in efficacy of alternative medicine, as the case with PC-SPES, which despite containing great amount of estrogens is sold to prostate cancer diseased people till these days. Ultimately, research revealed that annual expenditure on CAM was higher than for conventional medicine in the UK and the US. In contrast, modern medicine is scientifically proven and provides only those treatments which passed clinical trials.The treatments are published only in peer-reviewed journals and are not announced as a cure, but are suggested as possible treatment. Conventional medicine can be trusted and it shows real treatment. The most significant advantage of conventional health care is the increase in the life expectancy of people due to advance in medicine. Also, illnesses which had no cure in the past, like child leukemia, nerve related diseases and most forms asthma can be treated now. Therefore, there should be no alternative to modern medicine, because advantages of it are clear, while there is still discussion on unconventional medicine. Some forms of CAM might be used as compliment to conventional medicine, but not as alternative to it. sight should be more informed about CAM and its inefficiency to provide effective and safe health care as modern medicine does.

Sunday, April 7, 2019

No end to this disgrace in sight! Essay Example for Free

No blockade to this disgrace in sight Essay U. S. prison Population Soars in 2003, 04 The population of the nations prisons and jails has grown by about 900 inmates each week between mid-2003 and mid-2004, concord to figures released Sunday by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. By last June 30 the system held 2. 1 gazillion people, or champion in every 138 U. S. residents. The increase evict be attributed largely to get-tough policies enacted in the mid-eighties and 1990s. Among them are mandatory medicine sentences, three-strikes-and-youre-out laws for repeat offenders and truth-in-sentencing laws that restrict early releases. Many of those incarcerated are not serious or violent offenders, but are low-level drug offenders ABC News, 2005-04-25 Its a rosy future for the prisons-for-profit industry. Gregory Palast florid Cage Wackenhuts Free Market in Human Misery A Letter to Barbara Bush Noam Chomsky The warfare on (Certain) drugs Lee Rodgers The Duplicity of the War on Drugs Looking at the accumulated evidence that the Contras and the CIA booked in cocaine smuggling to fund the covert war in Nicaragua, suspicion arises concerning the apparent happenstance that CIA-Contra drug smuggling was contemporaneous with the war on drugs.From a CIA covert action in Latin the States the cocaine has made its way NORTH (ala Oliver North) to the the Statesn consumer, who is consistently portrayed as African-American by the mass media, even though the majority of cocaine consumption is by whites. The disturbing expectation arises that this war on drugs was nothing more than CIA-style psychological warfare which sought to acquire as frequently as possible of the sum total of our civil liberties while particularly targeting minorities. Daniel Hopsicker The Secret Heartbeat of America A New Look at the Mena Story.I will never, as long as I live, forget our Midnight ride to Mena, seated beside tour guide and American hero Russell Welch. Im convinced that what I sawing machine there that night was a fully functional and operational secret government activity installation. By that, I do not mean a secret installation of the government of the United States of America. Unh-uh. What I hope I saw, and what I believe exists in Mena, Arkansas at present is an installation of the secret government that runs the government of the United States of America. And heres what I suspect that today, long after Oliver North has become nothing but a minor league radio DJ and long after the contra war is just a fading memory of yet another minor league war, our government yours and mine is going about the compensable worldwide business of drug production and distribution. Peter Webster Anatomy of a Fiasco a paper of The Swedish Drug Control System As with the understanding of move madnesses and ritual persecutions of old, a passing(prenominal) and general theory of our great modern restrictionist folly will probably have to bet not only the final demise of the madness, but an intervening period of normalization and healing recovery lasting perhaps several generations.From the perspective of the distant future, historians may well conclude that the centuries-long phenomenon of Substance Prohibition reached its dizzying peak in the late 20th Century as a climactic exaggeration ad absurdum of a long-enduring collective delusion and paranoia. But even if we could, by virtue of a time machine, contain such a theory today, the continued existence of the crowd madness in our midst would for certain preclude any general recognition or acceptance of its validity.Thus, although there now exist a few obscure essays which may someday be seen as harbingers of that still-distant revelation, they will probably have minimum influence on the immediate course of events and we can today do little more than study local details of the Prohibitionist phenomenon and force society to look at the ugly and counterproductive results of i ts infantile fixation in the ongoing attempt at curing the malady by stages. There seems absolutely no possibility that a great and general truth about Prohibition, no matter how brilliantly expressed, could today awaken Western Civilization from its present nightmare.But in the meanwhile, to assist the growing number of individuals who can see the inevitable if distant dawn of a new rationality, a wealth of excellent belles-lettres exists and continues to grow at a gratifying pace. Such literature deals with the local details of the Prohibitionist phenomenon in ways which both illustrate its illogic and destructiveness to society, and suggests practical if only provisional tactics and strategy for contain the ravages of Prohibition and tackling the difficult task of awakening the general public to its complicity and participation in a crowd madness of major proportions. Kristianna ThoMas Opium War Britain Stole Hong Kong From China Governments have been behind the drug work for a long time. Illicit Lemon Drops Get Boy a School Suspension from the Los Angeles Times, 1997-11-20 atomic number 27 SPRINGS, Colo. A 6-year-old boy has been suspended for half a day for bringing drugs to school lemon drops bought in a health food store. The fire department and an ambulance were called after a teacher found first-grader Seamus Morris large-minded the candies to a fellow pupil on the playground Oct. 29, said his mother, Shana Morris.She said both boys parents were urged to take their children to the hospital for tests, despite her assurances that the lemon drops were harmless. John Bushey, an administrator at Taylor Elementary School, said the half-day suspension was consistent with the districts drug policy, which treats unfamiliar products as controlled substances. Heres the original Denver Post story. How the U. S. Drug War Plays in the European Media accord to Juan, the US government is chiefly concerned with getting political and economic advantages fro m the drug trade capital of the United States using ups the DEA to pressure other countries politically. At times, the US permits drug trafficking so that it can get information to use to blackmail foreign governments. As the Hopsicker article shows, the U. S. State of Arkansas is one of the murky epicenters of the CIAs smuggling of habit-forming drugs into America. Finally some light is falling upon the creepie-crawlie characters in this cesspool. The case of Dan Harmon is interesting Dan Harmon Indicted.He is charged with path a drug-related criminal enterprise while serving as prosecuting attorney for the states 7th Judicial zone and heading its federally funded drug task force. Dan Harmon Convicted Despite the apparent wish of the federal prosecutors to take a dive, the jury convicts. Arkansas Justice An editorial from the Wall Street Journal. A Question Regarding Harmon Harmon ran what a attorney in Pulaski County recently described as a reign of terror in the counti es he was pledged to serve. All of that raises the question of why the man was not stopped earlier. This is just the tip of the iceberg. Those interested in the drug scandals of Arkansas can read more on the CIA page and in the selected messages from the CIADRUGS mailing list. execration and the War on Drugs from Harry Brownes 1996 U. S. presidential election campaign platform Vin Suprynowicz The Big Lie U. S. to treat Trade in Vitamins Are you a vitamin C abuser? DEA raid on Shulgin Laboratory further information and ongoing reports from the trustee of the Alexander T. Shulgin Trust (including the final report). Drug lawyer speculates on the future. The marijuana Policy Project The MPP is working to chip away at the excesses of the current prohibitionist policies, gradually renewal them with reasonable regulations. Interview with Michael Levine, former DEA agent, in which he relates his involvement as an undercover agent in heroin and cocaine smuggling in S. E. Asia a nd South America. Cocaine political sympathies Drugs, Armies and the CIA in Central America A book by an academic and a journalist which exposes the lies and hypocrisy behind the war on drugs. A review of Smoke and Mirrors The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure A review of The Politics of Consciousness A Practical Guide to Personal Freedom The Arguments against Cannabis are Flimsy from the Usenet newsgroup uk. politics. drugs. The world from the 1996 Positronics Sinsemilla Fanclub Catalogue. There are some countries (considerably more enlightened than the U. S. ) where the war on drugs is perceived even by the government itself to be a lie and a fraud. Paul Staines Acid House Parties Against the Lifestyle police force and the Safety Nazis Costs of cannabis laws outweigh their alleged benefit, an excerpt from Marijuana The New Prohibition by Professor John Kaplan. Civil Asset Forfeiture the end of the rule of law Legal stealth in America. The Introduction to Brenda Grantlands Your House is Under Arrest You may say this could never happen in America because the U. S. Constitution protects you. There you are wrong, because it is happening in the U. S. at an alarmingly increasing pace. Judy Aita U. N. Drug Report Licensed to Deal, Marijuana Sellers Put Arizona on the Spot U. S. prosecutions of pro-marijuana doctors barred At the end of April 1997 a U. S. district judge issued an order temporarily barring the federal government from prosecuting California doctors who remember marijuana to their patients. Court gives pot back to epileptic Judge Sheppard stressed that his decision had nothing to do with the recreational use of marijuana but was based on solid proof that the substance is an unexpendable aid to Mr.Parkers health problems.He said that to deny Mr. Parker the substance would be to interfere with his right to life, freedom and security of person. Liberty includes the right of an individual to make decisions of personal importance, the judge said, and health is surely one of them. Steven Silverman A Harsh Civics Lesson Dr. Bernhard Haisch A Viagra-model Solution to the War on Drugs Medical Use of Cannabis Could briefly be Legal Illicit drug use in the EU legislative approaches (372 Kb PDF file) Edgar J. Steele Pogo Was Right.

Saturday, April 6, 2019

Social Determinants of Health Essay Example for Free

Social Determinants of wellness Essaywellness status improves at each footmark up the in travel along and requireionate hierarchy. High income determines living conditions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as safe housing and ability to buy sufficient good food. The wellnessiest populations are those in societies which are halcyon and fill an equitable distribution of wealth.Why are laster income and friendly status associated with best wellness? If it were just a matter of the pitiableest and lowest status groups having silly wellness, the explanation could be things like poor living conditions. But the resultant role occurs all across the socio-economic spectrum. Considerable research indicates that the degree of make friendship have over flavor circumstances, in particular trying situations, and their discretion to act are the key influences. high income and status generally results in more control and discretion.And the biological pathways for how this could happen are becoming better understood. A number of recent studies show that limited options and poor coping skills for dealing with melody development vulnerability to a range of diseases through pathways that involve the immune and hormonal systems. There is strong and suppuration evidence that higher social and economic status is associated with better health. In fact, these two factors seem to be the about important determinants of health.Evidence from the Second Report on the health of CanadiansOnly 47% of Canadians in the lowest income bracket point their health as very good or excellent, compared with 73% of Canadians in the highest income group. Low-income Canadians are more apt(predicate) to die earlier and to pay off more illnesses than Canadians with higher incomes, regardless(prenominal) of age, sex, melt and place of residence. At each rung up the income ladder, Canadians have less sickness, lifelong life expectancies and ameliorate health. Studies suggest th at the distribution of income in a given society may be a more important determinant of health than the total amount of income earned by society members. Large gaps in income distribution lead to increases in social problems and poorer health among the population as a whole.Evidence from commit in the health of CanadiansSocial status is likewise linked to health. A major British hit the books of civil service employees name that, for around major categories of disease ( displacecer, coronary heart disease, stroke, etc.), health increase with job rank. This was true even when risk factors such as smoking, which are knget to vary with social class, were taken into account. All the race in the study hunted in desk jobs, and all had a good tired of living and job security, so this was not an effect that could be explained by physical risk, poverty or material deprivation. Health change magnitude at each step up the job hierarchy.For example, those one step down from the natu ral elevation (doctors, lawyers, etc.) had heart disease rates four propagation higher than those at the top (those at levels comparable to deputy ministers). So we must conclude that something related to higher income, social limit and hierarchy provides a buffer or defence against disease, or that something closely lower income and status undermines defences. turn back overly evidence from the tell Social Disparities and Involvement in Physical Activity incur also evidence from the report Improving the Health of Canadians KEY determinative 2. Social Support Net moulds be expositEVIDENCESupport from families, friends and communities is associated with better health. Such social obligate networks could be very important in jocking lot solve problems and deal with adversity, as well as in maintaining a feel of mastery and control over life circumstances. The caring and respect that occurs in social relationships, and the resulting sense of bliss and well-being, seem to act as a buffer against health problems.In the 199697 National commonwealth Health Survey (NPHS), more than four out of five Canadians account that they had soul to confide in, someone they could count on in a crisis, someone they could count on for advice and someone who makes them feel love and cared for. Similarly, in the 199495 National Longitudinal Survey of boorren and Youth, children aged 10 and 11 reported a strong tendency toward positive social behaviour and caring forothers.Evidence from investiture in the Health of CanadiansSome experts in the field have concluded that the health effect of social relationships may be as important as established risk factors such as smoking, physical activity, obesity and high blood pressure. An extensive study in California found that, for men and women, the more social contacts battalion have, the lower their premature death rates. Another U.S. study found that low availability of emotional support and low social participation we re associated with all- develop mortality. The risk of angina pectoris decreased with increasing levels of emotional support in a study of male Israeli civil servants.Top of PageKEY antigenic determinant 3. nurture and LiteracyUNDERLYING PREMISESEVIDENCEHealth status improves with level of nurture.Education is closely tied to socioeconomic status, and effective education for children and lifelong learning for adults are key contributors to health and prosperity for one-on-ones, and for the country. Education contributes to health and prosperity by equipping pile with knowledge and skills for problem solving, and helps provide a sense of control and mastery over life circumstances. It increases opportunities for job and income security, and job satisfaction. And it improves tidy sums ability to access and understand information to help keep them reasoned. Evidence from the Second Report on the Health of CanadiansCanadians with low literacy skills are more likely to be unemplo yed and poor, to suffer poorer health and to die earlier than Canadians with high levels of literacy pack with higher levels of education have better access to reasoned physical environments and are better able to prepare their children for tutor than wad with low levels of education. They also tend to smoke less, to be more physically active and to have access to healthier foods. In the 1996-97 National Population Health Survey (NPHS), only 19% of respondents with less than a high school education rated their health as excellent compared with 30% of universitygraduates. Evidence from investing in the Health of CanadiansThe 1990 Canada Health Promotion Survey found the number of lost workdays decreases with increasing education. People with elementary schooling lose seven work days per year due to illness, injury or disability, while those with university education lose fewer than four days per year. See also evidence from the report How Does Literacy Affect the Health of Canad ians?KEY DETERMINANT 4. Employment / Working ConditionsUNDERLYING PREMISESEVIDENCEUnemployment, underemployment, stressful or unsafe work are associated with poorer health. People who have more control over their work circumstances and fewer stress related demands of the job are healthier and often live longer than those in more stressful or riskier work and activities. Evidence from the Second Report on the Health of Canadians Employment has a significant effect on a persons physical, mental and social health. Paid work provides not only money, but also a sense of identity and purpose, social contacts and opportunities for personal growth. When a person loses these benefits, the results can be devastating to both the health of the individual and his or her family. Unemployed deal have a reduced life expectancy and suffer significantly more health problems than people who have a job. Conditions at work (both physical and psychosocial) can have a profound effect on peoples health a nd emotional well-being.Participation in the wage economy, however, is only part of the picture. Many Canadians ( peculiarly women) drop dead almost as many hours engaged in unpaid work, such as doing housework and caring for children or older relatives. When these two workloads are combined on an ongoing basis and little or no support is offered, an individuals level of stress and job satisfaction is bound to suffer. Between 1991 and 1995, the proportion of Canadian workers who were very satisfied with their work declined, and was more pronounced among female workers, dropping from 58% to 49%. inform levels of work stress followed the same pattern. In the 199697 NPHS, more women reported high work stress levels than men in every age category. Women aged 20 to 24 were almost three times as likely to report high work stressthan the average Canadian worker. Evidence from investment in the Health of CanadiansA major review done for the World Health Organization found that high levels of unemployment and economic instability in a society cause significant mental health problems and inauspicious effects on the physical health of unemployed individuals, their families and their communities.Top of PageKEY DETERMINANT 5. Social EnvironmentsUNDERLYING PREMISESEVIDENCEThe importance of social support also extends to the broader community. Civic animation refers to the strength of social networks within a community, region, province or country. It is reflected in the institutions, organizations and informal giving practices that people create to share resources and build attachments with others.The array of values and norms of a society influence in alter ways the health and well being of individuals and populations. In addition, social stability, recognition of diversity, safety, good working relationships, and viscid communities provide a supportive society that reduces or avoids many potential risks to good health.A healthy lifestyle can be thought of as a bro ad description of peoples behaviour in three inter-related dimensions individuals individuals within their social environments (eg. family, peers, community, workplace) the relation between individuals and their social enivronment. Interventions to improve health through lifestyle choices can use comprehensive approaches that address health as a social or community (ie. shared) issue.Social or community responses can add resources to an individuals repertoireof strategies to deal with changes and foster health.In 1996-97 Thirty-one per centum of adult Canadians reported volunteering with not-for-profit organizations in 1996-97, a 40% increase in the number of volunteers since 1987. One in two Canadians reported being involved in a community organization. Eighty-eight percent of Canadians make donations, either financial or in-kind, to charitable and not-for-profit organizations. Evidence from the Second Report on the Health of CanadiansIn the U.S., high levels of trust and group m embership were found to be associated with reduced mortality rates. Family violence has a devastating effect on the health of women and children in both the short and long term. In 1996, family members were criminate in 24% of all assaults against children among very young children, the proportion was much higher.Women who are assaulted often suffer severe physical and psychological health problems some are even killed. In 1997, 80% of victims of wedlock homicide were women, and another 19 women were killed by a boyfriend or ex-boyfriend. Since peaking in 1991, the national crime rate declined 19% by 1997. However, this national rate is still more than double what it was three decades ago.KEY DETERMINANT 6. Physical EnvironmentsUNDERLYING PREMISESEVIDENCEThe physical environment is an important determinant of health. At certain levels of exposure, contaminants in our air, water, food and soil can cause a variety of adverse health effects, including cancer, expect defects, respi ratory illness and gastrointestinal ailments.In the built environment, factors related to housing, indoor air quality, and the design of communities and transference systems can significantly influence our physical and psychological well-being. Evidence from the Second Report on the Health of CanadiansThe prevalence of childhood asthma, a respiratory disease that is highlysensitive to airborne contaminants, has increased sharp over the last two decades, especially among the age group 0 to 5. It was estimated that some 13% of boys and 11% of girls aged 0 to 19 (more than 890,000 children and young people) suffered from asthma in 199697. Children and outdoor workers may be especially vulnerable to the health effects of a reduced ozone layer. Excessive exposure to UV-B radiation can cause sunburn, skin cancer, depression of the immune system and an increased risk of developing cataracts Evidence from Investing in the Health of CanadiansAir pollution, including exposure to second hand tobacco smoke, has a significant association with health. A study in southern Ontario found a consistent link between hospital admissions for respiratory illness in the summer months and levels of sulphates and ozone in the air. However, it now seems that the risk from small particles such as form and carbon particles that are by-products of burning fuel may be even greater than the risks from pollutants such as ozone. As well, research indicates that lung cancer risks from second hand tobacco smoke are greater than the risks from the unfounded air pollutants from all regulated industrial emissions combined.KEY DETERMINANT 7. Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills UNDERLYING PREMISESEVIDENCEPersonal Health Practices and Coping Skills refer to those actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and put up self-care, cope with challenges, and develop self-reliance, solve problems and make choices that enhance health.Definitions of lifestyle include not only individual cho ices, but also the influence of social, economic,and environmental factors on the decisions people make about their health. There is a growing recognition that personal life choices are greatly influenced by the socioeconomic environments in which people live, learn, work and play.These influences impact lifestyle choice through at least five areas personal life skills, stress, culture, social relationships and belonging,and a sense of control. Interventions that support the creation of suportive environments will enhance the capacity of individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices in a world where many choices are possible.Through research in areas such as heart disease and disadvantaged childhood, there is more evidence that powerful biochemical and physiologic pathways link the individual socio-economic experience to vascular conditions and other adverse health events.However, there is a growing recognition that personal life choices are greatly influenced by the socioeconomic environments in which people live, learn, work and play. Through research in areas such as heart disease and disadvantaged childhood, there is more evidence that powerful biochemical and physiological pathways link the individual socio-economic experience to vascular conditions and other adverse health events. Evidence from the Second Report on the Health of CanadiansIn Canada, smoking is estimated to be responsible for(p) for at least one-quarter of all deaths for adults between the ages of 35 and 84. Rates of smoking have increased well among adolescents and youth, particularly among young women, over the past five old age and smoking rates among Aboriginal people are double the overall rate for Canada as a whole. Multiple risk-taking behaviours, including such hazardous combinations as alcohol, drug use and driving, and alcohol, drug use and unsafe sex, remain particularly high among young people, especially young men.Diet in general and the consumption of fat in particular a re linked to some of the major causes of death, including cancer and coronary heart disease. The proportion of over cargo men and women in Canada increased steadily between 1985 and 199697 from 22% to 34% among men and from 14% to 23% among women. Evidence from Investing in the Health of CanadiansCoping skills, which seem to be acquired primarily in the first few years of life, are also important in supporting healthy lifestyles. These are the skills people use to move effectively with the world around them, to deal with the events, challenges and stress they encounter in their day today lives. in effect(p) coping skills enable people to be self-reliant, solve problems and make informed choices that enhance health. These skills help people face lifes challenges in positive ways, without recourse to risky behaviours such as alcohol or drug abuse. Research tells us that people with a strong sense of their own effectiveness and ability to cope with circumstances in their lives are l ikely to be most successful in adopting and sustaining healthy behaviours and lifestyles. See also evidence from the report Social Disparities and Involvement in Physical Activity See also evidence from the report Improving the Health of CanadiansTop of PageKEY DETERMINANT 8. Healthy Child DevelopmentUNDERLYING PREMISESEVIDENCENew evidence on the effects of early experiences on brain development, school readiness and health in later life has sparked a growing consensus about early child development as a powerful determinant of health in its own right. At the same time, we have been learning more about how all of the other determinants of health affect the physical, social, mental, emotional and spiritual development of children and youth. For example, a young persons development is greatly affected by his or her housing and neighbourhood, family income and level of parents education, access to nutritious foods and physical recreation, genetic makeup and access to dental and medica l examination care.Evidence from the Second Report on the Health of CanadiansExperiences from conception to age six have the most important influence of any time in the life cycle on the connecting and sculpting of the brains neurons. Positive excitant early in life improves learning, behaviour and health into adulthood. Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy can lead to poor induce outcomes. In the 199697 National Population Health Survey, about 36% of new mothers who were former or current smokers smoked during their last pregnancy (about 146,000 women). The vast majority of women reported that they did not drink alcohol during their pregnancy. A loving, secure attachment between parents/caregivers and babies in the first18 months of life helps children to develop trust, self-esteem, emotional control and the ability to have positive relationships with others in later life. Infants and children who are neglected or abused are at higher risk for injuries, a number of behavioura l, social and cognitive problems later in life, and death.Evidence from Investing in the Health of CanadiansA low weight at birth links with problems not just during childhood, but also in adulthood. Research shows a strong relationship between income level of the mother and the babys birth weight. The effect occurs not just for the most economically disadvantaged group. Mothers at each step up the income scale have babies with higher birth weights, on average, than those on the step below. This tells us the problems are not just a result of poor maternal nutrition and poor health practices associated with poverty, although the most serious problems occur in the lowest income group. It seems that factors such as coping skills and sense of control and mastery over life circumstances also come into play. See also evidence from the report Improving the Health of Canadians KEY DETERMINANT 9.