Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey | Leadership

visor render and Oprah Winfrey leadingThis report presents a freshen up of leadhip theories in brief and the melodic phrase and similarity among charge up provide and Oprah Winfrey Leadership course who argon two of the headspring comen throng in the world.The report begins with an introduction to the high schoolest degree the two well cognise facial gestures, opera Winfrey and neb furnish who atomic number 18 consider as the prospering attractions in the world.The undermenti peerlessd section would be the biography of opera and carte render in brief.The following section gives a brief review of lead theories which stand been applied in different organizations during these years. gamin Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership Qualities which be the main idea of this paper is demonst steped in the catamenia section and the aim of this section is the better understanding of the importance of attractorship flavour in a successful stage business.The next section discuss the similarity and contrast mingled with height Gates leadershiphip woodland and the leadership quality of Opera Winfrey in terms of leadership theories in generalIn the current section , my suffer opinion ab come in notation Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership style would be explainedThe report purpose is about he openingWelcome to this report which was a coup doeil of the art object eonment and Leadership theories and how famous spate such as Opera Winfrey and plug-in Gates applied them to achieve their success.It draws together a invest of materials detailing liftes to leadership and leadership theories.The expertness to inspire people to pop off great performance and success is a skill that leaders motivation. Passion, purpose, auditory modality and meaning help force a leader inspirational. The ability to conk that passion, purpose and meaning to early(a)s helps establish the motivating culture of your organization. These evens allow recogn ise you how to en equal inspiration and motivation in the people you lead. In the advert of the worlds ranking mega-leaders, there be few women. This is undoubtedly not for unadulteratedly lack of talent or leadership ability among women, but to a greater extent than likely beca procedure the step between creation a good leader and being a world-renowned mega-leader is quite greathearted, and few women or men, for that matter fuck off been able to pull together apiece(prenominal) of the abilities and resources necessary to make it happen. In Oprah Winfreys case, how invariantly, mega-leadership was achievable, and she has not but achieved it but keeps increasing her leadership base. On the other muckle account conjurement Gates is virtuoso of the al most(prenominal) successful enterprisers of the world. He is able to run a successful and a profitable entrepreneurship for galore(postnominal) years and unconstipated today, we elicitnot survive in this competitiv e world without it. pot and dedication ar the key occurrenceors of being a successful entrepreneur and these skills were present in Bill Gates from the beginning.Bill GatesBill Gates was innate(p) on October 28, 1955 in a family having rich business, policy- fashioning and community service background. Bill strongly believes in hard wrench. He believes that if you be intelligent and know how to apply your intelligence, you go off achieve whatsoeveraffair. From childhood Bill was ambitious, intelligent and competitive. These qualities helped him to attain top position in the business he chose. In school, he had an excellent record in mathematics and science. Still he was getting very bored in school. Bills parents came to know their sons intelligence and decided to enroll him in a private school, known for its intense academic environment. Bill Gates and his friends were very much interested in figurer and form Programmers Group in late 1968. In the next year, they got the ir firstborn opportunity in Information Sciences Inc, which they were selected as programmers. ISI (Information Sciences Inc.) concur to give them royalties whenever it made money from every of the sorts program. As a issue of the business deal signed with Information Sciences Inc., the group also became a legal business.Bill Gates and his about friend Allen started new connection of their own, Traf-O-Data. They developed a meek electronic computer to measure traffic flow. From this go through and through they earned around $20,000. The era of Traf-O-Data came to an end when Gates left the college. In 1973, he left home for Harvard University. He as wellk the standard freshman courses with the expulsion of signing up for one of Harvards toughest mathematics courses. He did well everywhere there, but he couldnt drive it interesting too. At the end of Bills first year, his best friend Allen, came close to him so that they could follow both(prenominal) of their ideas. That summer judgment of conviction they got job in Honeywell. Allen kept on iron outing Bill for curtain raising a new software company. Within a year, Bill Gates dropped out from Harvard. Then he organize Microsoft. Microsofts mint is A computer on every desk and Microsoft software on every computer. Bill is a imaginationary person and devises very hard to achieve his imagery. ( Ravi Kumar Paluri)Oprah Winfrey natural in Kosciusko, Mississippi, Oprah Winfrey was reared by her grandmother on a farm where she began her air career by learning to read aloud and perform version at the age of three. After suffering ab enforce and molestation, at the age of 13, she was sent to capital of Tennes jut out to live under her fathers strict discipline As strict as he was, says Oprah, he had few concerns about me making the best of my life, and would not accept anything less than what he thought was my best.Oprah Winfreys broadcasting career began at age 17, when she was hired by WVOL rad io in Nashville, and two years later signed on with WTVF-TV in Nashville as a reporter/anchor. She at tended Tennessee State University, where she majored in spoken language Communications and Performing humanistic discipline.In 1976, she moved to Baltimore to join WJZ-TV news as a co-anchor, and in 1978 disc everywhereed her talent for hosting burble denominates when she became co-host of WJZ-TVs slew ar Talking, while continuing to serve as anchor and news reporter.In January 1984, she came to Chicago to host WLS-TVs AM Chicago, a faltering local talk base. In less than a year, she turned AM Chicago into the hottest gift in town. The format was soon expanded to one hour, and in kinsfolk 1985 it was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show.Seen nation entirelyy since September 8, 1986, The Oprah Winfrey Show became the number one talk show in national syndication in less than a year. In June 1987, in its first year of eligibility, The Oprah Winfrey Show received three Day quantify E mmy Awards in the categories of Outstanding Host, Outstanding Talk/Service Program and Outstanding Direction. In June 1988, The Oprah Winfrey Show received its second consecutive Day clip Emmy Award as Outstanding Talk/Service Program, and she herself-importance received the International Radio and video Societys Broadcaster of the Year Award. She was the youngest person and only the fifth woman ever to receive the honor in IRTSs 25-year history. Winfreys business and individualized interests are bulky ranging and she has managed to accomplish success in several areas. Apart from being a successful Talk show host she is also a provoker, successful actress, Founder of the successful O, the Oprah Magazine, co founder of Oxygen Media, and a free-handed Philanthropist. Her entrepreneurial spirit and desire to change society for the better have brought her and her numerous companies many awards and achievements.Oprah Winfrey was named one of the 100 Most Influential People of the 20 th Century by Time magazine, and in 1998 received a Life season Achievement Award from the National Academy of Tele hallucination Arts and Sciences. (Opera Winfrey)REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP THEORYA review of the leadership belles-lettres reveals a developing series of schools of thought from Great Man and distinction theories to Transformational leadership (see table).Later theories begin to consider the fictional character of followers and the link nature of leadership, whilst early theories tend to focus upon the characteristics and behaviors of successful leaders.Great ManTheoriesBased on the belief that leaders are exceptional people, born with inborn qualities, destined to lead. The engross of the term man was intentional since until the latter(prenominal) part of the twentieth century leadership was thought of as a imagination, which is primarily male, military and Western. This led to the next school of indication TheoriesTrait TheoriesThe lists of traits or qualities assoc iated with leadership exist in plenty and continue to be produced. They draw on virtually all the adjectives in the dictionary which cite some positive or worthy human attribute, from ambition to piquancy for lifeBehavioristTheoriesThese concentrate on what leaders actually do rather than on their qualities. Different patterns of behavior are observed and categorized as styles of leadership. This area has probably attracted most attention from practicing autobussSituationalLeadershipThis approach sees leadership as specific to the particular in which it is being exercised. For example, whilst some situations whitethorn require a domineering style, others may need a more participative approach. It also proposes that there may be differences in indispensable leadership styles at different levels in the aforesaid(prenominal) organization mishapTheoryThis is an improvement of the situational viewpoint and foc uptakes on identifying the situational variables which best predict the most appropriate or effective leadership style to fit the bad-tempered circumstancesTransactionalTheoryThis approach emphasizes the importance of the relationship between leader and followers, focusing on the mutual benefits derived from a form of contract through which the leader delivers such things as proceedss or recognition in redress for the commitment or loyalty of the followersTransformationalTheoryThe central concept here is change and the role of leadership in visualizing and implementing the transformation of organizational performanceBill Gates Leadership QualitiesBill Gates with her vision has a clear, vivid picture of where to go, as well as a firm find on what success looks like and how to achieve it. trap Welch, former chairman and CEO of General Electric Co., said, Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion.Bill Gates communicates clearly and passionately and this is one of t he most advocatorful points of this manager.Bill Gates has the discipline to work toward his vision single-mindedly, as well as to direct his manner and those of the squad up toward the goal.Bill Gates leadership is participative style be arrive at he involves his electric rayordinate in purpose making. He is a flexible person and he named his role was to be visionary of the company. When ever needed he bring master manager for managing and well structure of the organization. Gates is a strong and energising person his enthusiasm, hard working nature, judgment skills reflect his personality. His motivating power and involving his friends to working with him became the success of Microsoft.Integrity is the integration of outward actions and inner determine (Bergmann, 1999). Bill Gates as a person of integrity is the same on the outside and on the inside. Such an individual can be trusted becausal agency he never veers from inner values, even when it might be expeditious to d o so. Bill Gates has the trust of followers and consequently must display integrity.Dedication nitty-gritty spending whatever time or sinew is necessary to accomplish the task at hand (Bergmann, 1999). Bill Gates inspires dedication by example, doing whatever it make fors to complete the next step toward the vision.Magnanimity means giving credit where it is due (Bergmann, 1999). Bill Gates as a leader ensures that credit for successes is spread as widely as possible throughout the company. Conversely, Bill Gates takes personal responsibility for failures. This sort of reverse magnanimity helps other people discover good about them and draws the squad closer together.Leaders with humility recognize that they are no better or worse than other members of the team. Bill Gates is not self-effacing but rather tries to elevate everyone.. Mahatma Gandhi is a role model for Indian leaders, and he pursued a follower-centric leadership role. receptiveness means being able to listen to n ew ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Bill Gates is able to suspend judgment while listening to others ideas, as well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of. Openness builds mutual respect and trust between leaders and followers, and it also keeps the team well supplied with new ideas that can further its vision.Creativity is the most primal leadership quality of Bill Gates. Bill gates develop computer language new Altair 8080 pc which became the foundation of Microsoft. Bill continuously develops two other computer languages. When IBM develops their first pc and which need operating dust to run the computer, Microsoft develops MS-DOS for IBM. Gates adopting the changes very fast that are his enthusiasm vision and hard working give him the success. Gates always recognized him as a visionary he always recognize professional management, he decentralize authority to make organization structure better.Fairness means dealing with o thers consistently and onlyly. Bill gates check all the incidents and study everyone out before passing judgment. He avoids leaping to purposes based on incomplete evidence. When people feel they that are being treated fairly, they reward a leader with loyalty and dedication.Bill gates know how to use humor to energize followers. Humor is a form of power that provides some control over the work environment.One of the most valuable quality of Bill gates is that he is and supportive. Bill gates always take the blame for a loss, turnover, miss executed play, etc. If the problem wasnt his fault, he wont blame anyone else he either blames himself, or dont say anything.Bill gates also know how to take charge. When the rest of the team seems conf apply, he will take control and guide the rest of the members. Bill gates know how to stay calm under pressure. While normal people may crack or feel flustered, he knows how to guide his team to victory and stay cool.He also has confidence i n his team members, he has a good communication and, to let his team pair improve themselves. If a slew is done, he will accept the mistake and take that mistake to improve the team.Oprah Winfrey Leadership QualitiesOprah Winfrey has an exemplary character. One of the important points for leaders is trustworthy to lead others whish she has it.She is enthusiastic about her work or cause and also about her role as leader (Blackler, 2003). It is a fact that people will respond more openly to a person like Oprah Winfrey that has passion and dedication. She has the ability to be able to be a source of inspiration, and be a motivator towards the requisite action or cause. Although, if we have a comparison between the responsibilities and positions of Oprah Winfrey and Bill Gates we can find many differences, she need to be seen to be part of the team working towards the goal same as Bill Gates.Result of researches shows that in revisal to lead and set means a leader needs to appear confident as a person and in the leadership role and she is confident. She has the ability to function in an tasteful and purposeful manner in situations of uncertainty.She is tolerant of ambiguity and remains calm, compose and steadfast to the main purpose (Blackler, 2003). Oprah Winfrey as well as retention the main goal in focus is able to think analytically. non only does a good leader view a situation as a whole, but is able to break it down into sub parts for closer inspection.She stand up for what is right, even in the face of popular disagreement. She also accepts blame when at fault. The most amazing thing is she has an inward desire that motivates her to excel she also has the impulsive to act without orders and to allow for well-considered recommendations for the improvement of the command. She is accountable, and that quality forms the cornerstone of leadership. She makes decisions, good or bad, and accepts the responsibility and consequences for those decisions. c omparing between Leadership qualities of Gates and WinfreyOprah Winfrey as a leader is more assertive and persuasive, has a stronger need to get things done and is more willing to take risks than Bill Gates. He remains stymied in the same occupational title and pay level for many years. He become too valuable in his positions in Microsoft .Bill Gates does not have any more strong will to make risk and put his self in desperate situation. Oprah Winfrey was also found to be more empathetic and flexible, as well as stronger in interpersonal skills that bring the surplus ability for her to read situations absolutely and take information in from all sides same as Bill Gates.Both of them as two of biggest leaders in the world are able to bring others around to their point of view, so that the people they are leading feel more understood, back up and valued.When we have a comparison between these two we can find that both of them have the ability to attract peoples attention and the gr eat ability to digest input of the entire people of the world. Beside of that, they have Keeping people involved on the task at hand and understanding when to push and when not to.Leadership comes in many styles, shapes, and forms. Some people are leaders because they lead by example to better a group of people, and others are leaders because people learn from their decisions and business ideas.As a leader, Bill Gates believed that his managers should have their own personal authority. Indeed, to each one(prenominal) manager was expected to act like his own little CEO in his own modest right. He desired his managers to be responsible for his own influence on the stream of things and the tides of change. From here, we could tell them Gates also show some form of participative leadership, whereby Gates demand his managers to be creative and able to solve complex problems, and improving their quality. I personally prefer this style of leadership that Gates uses as it seems to be in t he middle between not being engaged and over controlling, allowing the organization to be able to innovate and grow.Oprah Winfrey, communicate clearly and honestly to their followers, she use a combination of their personality, beliefs and capabilities to lead.Motivating followers to support and implement her ideas through change is an important part of the way that she uses to influence the peoples of different societies. She wishes inspire trust and confidence in her followers and with strategic thinking and trust building, support and charge her followers to be a catalyst for change.ConclusionAs a conclusion, after a review of leadership theories in brief and the contrast and similarity between Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership style who are two of the well known people in the world we can find that there is not one standard, correct style for all leaders in all circumstances at all quantify and any group or individual behaves differently from each other. to each one le ader has to find differences and adapt according to the situation but at all they use same ideas in different ways for one target SUCCESS.Magnetic Resonance vision Overview and ApplicationsMagnetic Resonance imaging Overview and ApplicationsHow does Magnetic Resonance imaging work and how can it influence the futurity?An Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging123Magnetic vibrancy imaging (charismatic resonance imaging) is use as an accurate form of disease get windion which is usually utilise to confirm a patients condition, as well as a rule of looking at trauma to the brain, examples of which could be bleeding and swelling. Alongside these uses magnetic resonance imaging can be apply to look at the soft tissues, as well as information on the structure of joints.Prior to the introduction, the only method for diagnosis for many of these problems were invasive methods such as surgery, and x-rays or CT-scans which were less accurate and ionizing, which could have a lasting effect upon the body. The use of magnetic resonance imaging scans is only a recent phenomenon, with the first image on a person being produced as late as 1977, by Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mans field of operations who received a shared Nobel prize for their work on this matter. Both scientists were looking at how nuclear magnetised resonance imaging could be used to look at solids and liquids, and both formed the theory behind it all, but it was Sir Peter Mansfield who developed the method used in MRI by firstly solving how to cook a slice of a matter, and also how to produce images from multiple- thrill experiments. Although the work on producing images for biological specimens only came about as a take of the fact that it would be too hard to produce images of a solid.How does Magnetic Resonance Imaging work45?Magnetic resonance imaging involves a series of steps which are all explained below, in order to produce the final image that is used for diagnostics.Nuclear SpinThe b odys mass is approximately 10% hydrogen, of which 70% is contained in water, and due to the fact that protons produce a large signal to a MRI scanner a more accurate image is produced, as they are in such large abundance in the body in the water.The hydrogen nuclei in the body wind about an axis, this is illustrated in figure 1.1. As a result of the go around protons being charged, the spinning of a nuclei along an axis causes a splendid circulating electric current, which in turn causes a small magnetized field.If a collection of these nuclei were to be bunkd in a stronger extraneous magnetised field (B), most of the nuclei will align their spin in the same direction as the international field.As you can see from figure 1.2 not all of the hydrogen nuclei are aligned with the direction of the charismatic field, and this is because both alignments are possible, but the one with the field is a lower energy e recount, whilst the protons against the field are at a high energ y state. The protons are continually oscillating back and forth between the two states, because there is a tendency for nuclei in a high energy state to return to a lower energy state by emitting some of its energy to surrounding nuclei. There is usually seemly thermal energy in the material for the nuclei to be flipped back.How do protons go about an axis?6Spinning protons when in the presence of an impertinent magnetised field do not arrange themselves perfectly parallel or anti-parallel to the magnetic field, as the nuclei always have equal but antonym magnetic charges they cancel out when there is no magnetic field. The particles tend to precess about the magnetic field lines, and this is illustrated in figure 1.3.The nuclei complete a full rotation around the magnetic field in a period that is directly proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. As you can see from the figure 1.4 the period gets littler for a larger magnetic field and thus the relative a bsolute relative frequency of the precession increases. This frequency is fixed numbering upon the strength of the magnetic field, and is called the Larmor frequency and the relationship between them is inclined by f = ()/ (2)Where is a constant called the gyromagnetic frequency, which varies for each type of particle. In MRI the Larmor frequency is about 50 MHz, which is in the radio frequency part of the magnetic frequency spectrum and the magnetic field has a order of 1 or 2 Teslas.Why is the Larmor frequency is of that form?TheLarmor frequencyinMRI is the rate of precession of the magnetic moment of the proton around the external magnetic field. The frequency of precession is related to the strength of the external magnetic field,B.TheLarmor precession of nuclei of a substance placed in a magnetic field B0 is mensurable from Larmor Equation, the Larmor precession is measured in Radians seconds-1 = BWhere is a constant called the gyromagnetic frequency, which varies for eac h type of particle, but in the case of MRI is a constant as you are only affecting hydrogen nuclei. As the external magnetic field would be uniform and constant, to work out the Larmor frequency you need to divde the Larmor precession by 2f.The frequency is measured in Hertz which is s1 and as is measured in Radians seconds-1 so to work out the frequency needed you divide this by 2f which results in the Larmor frequency which is per second.The Net Magnetization VectorThe precession of the nuclei only has a small effect upon the total magnetic field, which is only a small increase in magnetic field along the external field axis.This is because there are slightly more nuclei in parallel to the external magnetic field, than nuclei which are anti parallel to the external magnetic field. Although all of the nuclei in the material will be precessing at the Larmor frequency, they all may not be in strain. So the tranverse waves created by the nuclei get cancel out which means that there will only be a small increase in field strength in the direction of the external field as not all of the nuclei parallel to the external field will get cancelled out.Why do we need superconducting magnets to make the protons resonate?Superconducting magnets are used in magnetic resonance imaging of the human body because magnetic resonance imaging requires super uniform field across the subject and extreme stability over time. By having the magnet coils in the superconducting state helps to achieve parts-per-million spacial consonance over a space large enough to hold a person, and parts per million hour-1 stability with time. This is the reason for using superconducting magnets alongside the fact that they are able to produce a magnetic field of a magnituted of 1 or 2 Teslas.How to make the protons resonate?In order to produce a magnetic resonance image we need to make the protons precess about the external field lines in phase angle with each other which will produce a small net transversal field which rotates about the axis of the external field at the Larmor frequency. This is the magnetic field that can be detected and in turn produce a magnetic resonance image.These three stages are all depend upon the nuclei precessing in phase with each other, this is done by making them sidle up radio-frequency radiation of the same frequency of the Larmor frequency. The absorbtion of the energy causes low-energy state protons to flip into the high-energy state, which means that the protons are anti-parallel to the external field lines and also precessing in phase with the applied signal, which in turn mean that they are in phase with each other. The number of protons that flip depends upon the duration of the radio frequency pulse, which is applied.How a magnetic resonance image is producedIn order for a magnetic resonance image to be produced, you need to be able to root the part of the body that has an ailment, in order to do this three smaller non uniform magnetic fields are added to the constant field. If you look at figure 1.5 you are able to see how these magnetic fields are applied, with one running the length of the patients body, this is the z-axis and this is used to define slices through the body. The body in this diagram is the sample, with the other magnetic fields being applied in the x-axis and y-axis, within the plane of a slice.The magnetic field strength at any point is the sum of the four-spot fields that sets a unique larmour frequency and phase at each point in the body.To actually produce an image a pulse of electromagnetic radiation is sent through the body at a set radio frequency. The protons with a Larmor frequency will absorb energy from the pulse and flip into the high energy state. As a result a transverse field, which is rotating at the Larmor frequency, is produced for the specific part of the body. As a result of Flemings Left hand rule, the rotating magnetic field that is actually an alternate field induces an electric current in the detector. The image is gradually formed by sending a sequence of radio-frequency pulses through the body at different frequencies to pick out the Larmor frequencies at different locations. The signals produced and the relaxation time involved are processed by computer to assemble the image.How is a clear image is produced on the scan?The relaxation time is the time taken for the protons to fall back down to their lower energy state after the radio-frequency pulse is turned off. The protons fall into their lower energy state by passing their energy on into neighboring atoms. The relaxation time is measured by the change in the intensity of the signal bring forth in the detector. The relaxation time is used to show the contrast in tissue within an image, with the relaxation time dependent upon the nature of atoms close to the stimulated protons. Thus a clear image of the tissue can be seen.The safety of magnetic resonance imaging scanningMRI is rega rded as one of the safest ways of confirming a diagnosis, although there are some exceptions where a patient has form of metallic elementlic element in their body, which interferes with the regnant superconducting magnets, which allows a magnetic resonance image to be produced. An example of something, which could cause a magnetic resonance image to not work, is tattoos that have metal fragments in the ink that is used to form the image. The metal is dangerous because metal objects can be forcefully drawn to the magnet if these metal objects are embedded in your body, they can be drawn to the magnet and cause damage.The magnetic resonance image can also be dangerous for pregnant ladies.Using magnetic resonance imaging to detect crab louse in the bodyA future use of MRI is to detect cancer cancer cells need far more energy than most other types of tissues in the body, so a new technique has just been developed where a patient suspected of having cancer is injected with glucose. Thi s results in a differing brightness on the image produced with the tumor appearing far brighter. Although this is before long only a concept that is still some way from being used on the general public, and this is in part due to the fact that the magnetic field strength used to produce these results is far higher than being used currently and we would need to see if the same results would be produced at a lower field strength.ConclusionIn conclusion by taking the simple model already in place MRI has a bright future in diagnosis and signal detection of diseases, with MRI being the safest form of diagnosis for soft tissue as a result of its non-ionizing nature and clear results that it produces. The future for MRI will become brighter as the cost of using it falls over time, so that it will be more freely available and thus use for mass cancer detection could occur for example.MRI has already had a major impact on practices undertaken by doctors in assessing a patients needs, and the use of MRI stands to continue these changes further as more uses are developed.BibliographyIntroduction to MRIhttp//www.vistadiagnostics.co.uk/mri_explained.htmhttp//www.teslasociety.com/mri.htmhttp//www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/mansfield-bio.htmlHow does Magnetic Resonance imaging work?http//science.howstuffworks.com/mri.htmhttp//www.magnet.fsu.edu/ teaching/tutorials/java/mri/http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121941/ scallywag 504-505 Advancing Physics By Steve Adams and Jonathon AlldayThe larmor frequencehttp//radiopaedia.org/articles/larmor-frequencyThe safety of MRI scanninghttp//pain.about.com/od/testingdiagnosis/p/having_an_MRI.htmUsing MRI to detect cancer in the bodyhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146309.phpAre there any modern alternatives to this technology?http//www.medicinenet.com/mri_scan/page3.htmhttp//www.nhs.uk/news/2013/07July/Pages/Could-new-tests-use-sugar-to-help-detect-cancer.aspxGihan Fernando11 http//www.medic inenet.com/mri_scan/article.htm2 http//www.teslasociety.com/mri.htm3 http//www.vistadiagnostics.co.uk/mri_explained.htm4 Advanced Physics by Steve Adams and Jonathon Allday- Page 504, Magnetic Resonance Imaging5 http//www.simplyphysics.com/page2_1.html6 http//radiopaedia.org/articles/net-magnitisation-vector