Human Trafficking: A Transnational Problem Essay

serviceman trafficking is the worlds oldest form of thraldom. Since biblical times, men, women and children know been exchange crosswise borders into buckle downry. homophile trafficking today is a growing business. gentleman rights groups assessment that the number of advanced slaves exceeds that of the Atlantic slave trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (ProQuest Staff). In the modern world, globoseization has made it easier to mobilize these put-upon individuals. Human trafficking is a recognized problem worldwide that is brought on for various(a) reasons and the methods to end trafficking nominate, thus far, fallen short.First, it is important to understand precisely what serviceman race race trafficking is. According to Diaz, military man trafficking is as fol gloomys the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by mode of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the misapply of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the handsome or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having bear over other person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall accept, at a minimum, the harlotry of others or other forms of intimate exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs (UN, 2000, art. 3). While it seems improbable that here in the 21st century slavery still exists, it is a growing concern.In fact, it has grown to epidemic proportions as the forces of globalization dupe made pitying trafficking a mettlesomely profitable and virtually risk-free enterprise (Kara). While exact statistics atomic number 18 elusive due to forgiving traffickings clandestine nature, the U.N. reported that 2.4 million people worldwide be victims of charitable trafficking (ProQuest Staff). Internationally, about 600,000 to 800,000 people atomic number 18 trafficked each year. In the US alone, 14,500 to 17,500 people ar trafficked annually. Of all trafficked, half be children and approximately seventy-five percent ar women. And of all females trafficked, seventy percent argon trafficked for familiar purposes (Hodge). In the join States, victims were identified from much than 40 different countries of declination spanning the globe (Hodge).Whether for commercial sex, construction, interior(prenominal) work, carpet weaving, agriculture, tea and coffee, shrimp, fish, minerals, dimensional stones, gems, or numerous other industries investigated, human trafficking touches almost every sector of the globalized saving in a way it never has before (Kara). Moreover, just fuck the drug and arms trade, human trafficking is estimated to be the second highest source of revenue enhancement for criminals(Hodge). Of all forms of slavery, sex slavery is one of the most exploitative and salaried with some 200,000 sex slaves worldwide b ringing their slaveholders an annual profit of $10.5 one million million million (Leuchtag).Trafficking in persons is primarily understood as the act of persons across world(prenominal) boundaries for a florilegium of forms of exploitation. The crime of trafficking, of course, is not essentially about the take upment of the person save about the exploitation. Trafficking is the denial of freedom (Goodson). Regard slight of the seller/trafficking industry, they each share three common practices Acquisition of persons, movement of give tongue to persons and the exploitation of said persons (Kara). Acquisition is completed in a variety of ways, but the common thread between them is deceit. The first method for tantalizing potential victims is through false-front agencies. These consist of elaborate organizations that promise work and booster to those who seek it (Hodge).However, they do not intend on giving these services. Instead, they gin these women and children into a bin ding contract. Usually something along the lines of you live here, you do as I evidence. This is to say that they are promised jobs like an au pair or secretary, but instead they are forced to sell themselves to cover expenses. The victims are then forced into prostitution or forced labor (Zoba). The future(a) method of acquisition is through the means of local sex industries. That is to say, women currently gnarled in harmless sexual occupational groups of their own volition are offered a new position. They are told this position pass on be a promotion but turns out torturous. Now, they are forced in prostitution. Thirdly, traffickers invest destitute, downtrodden families when acquiring new bodies.Here, the traffickers simply promise the families a better future. frequently times they will get parents to surrender their children by telling them they will bring them to America for a prosperous future. This is never the case, however. Instead, they take these poor, nave indiv iduals across national borders. Then, the traffickers force them into prostitution, forced labor or another form of exploitation. Similarly, traffickers will resort to the extreme to keep their market flowing. That is to say traffickers will flat out abduct individuals. No false agencies or open ended lies. The traffickers flat-out steal these individuals from their respective homes and traffic them, continuously, worldwide (Hodge).Typically, trafficked persons are transferred from drive to place. The United States, Germany, and Italy are the top three destination countries, with the Netherlands and japan close behind. It is noted that most destination countries are developed nations. Also, the victims are sent to transit countries, such as Mexico, to make it easier to get them across national borders of the aforementioned destination countries (Zoba).This is both to maximize profit by keeping a constant, fresh supply of women as well as to keep the victims disoriented. While in tr ansit and on the job, those trafficked are employ incessantly. Most frequently, the individuals are forced to sell themselves with little to no compensation.striver exploiters often re-sell trafficked slaves to new exploiters. If the slaves do not escape, their cycle of exploitation whitethorn never end. Even if they do escape, they often return to the same conditions of poorness or vulnerability that led to their initial enslavement, resulting in one or more than instances of re-trafficking (Kara). For those sold into sexual trafficking, they are forced into malicious sexual acts. During this career, the individuals have little say as to what types of sexual acts they are willing to do. If they are to refuse, they may be raped or their pimps or owners would beat or adventure them.This does not end on that point. Pimps will threaten to harm the prostitutes family if she becomes unmanageable. Even more so, women may be beaten, stabbed or possibly murdered. Pimps will continue vi olence to keep them in line, to exert their dominance and humiliate these women, whenever they deem necessary (Hodge). As a result, the average life span of a prostitute is 34-years old and the career has the second highest homicide rate, just behind liquor store workers (Benetts).The women and children that received the fell treatment suffer greatly. Injuries are common amongst the victims but negative psychological egresss are much more prevalent (Hodge). Often the prostitutes have drug dependencies and mental illness, along with malnutrition (Benetts). Many of the prostitutes experience shame, panic attacks, depression, low self-esteem and post-traumatic stress disorder (Hodge).The list goes on to entangle malady and stunted growth, often with permanent effect. Victims of sex trafficking may also shell exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, permanent damage to fruitful organs, and, depending on the age at which they are trafficked, missed critical op portunities for social, good and spiritual development (Birkenthal). By age thirty, these individuals are both physically and emotionally disabled (Hodge).To make matters worse, prostitutes that manage to escape human trafficking are comm only(prenominal) treated as criminals. In fact, for every buyer caught get a prostitute, 50 prostitutes are arrested. This negative view towards the victims prevents some individuals from pursuance help from law enforcement (Benetts).Human trafficking has a variety of different causes. In other words, societies have many different push factors that are more likely to result in more people be trafficked. In the countries of origin, trafficking is commonly ca apply by poverty, a lack of political, social or stinting stability, a shortage of legal job opportunities, situations of oppression and armed conflict, domestic violence, lack of a family structure, gender discrimination and limited access to education. reference countries, however, have p ull factors that are known to cause human trafficking.These include the costs of paying legally hired workers, an increased demand for flashy labor, and a rise in the sex industry. Other factors that cause human trafficking, not particular to either the origin or destination countries, include the following a lack of public awareness, lack of understanding of the dangers of trafficking, the high profit potential for those involved in criminal activity, the sophisticated networks make by the traffickers, a lack of effective legislation and enforcement opposing human trafficking, global economic policies that continually exclude marginalized members of society, a lack of or faulty social shelter networks and corruption of political figures or groups (Birkenthal).Human trafficking is a well-known problem in modern day. However, it is elusive. Human trafficking is grow in criminal secrecy. Due to the minimal risk of trafficking human beings, criminals involved in drug and arms tradin g are beginning to olfactory perception into the trafficking of humans one of the few commodities that can be sold more than once. These criminals then form complex organized crime to get these trafficked victims from place to place. Frequently, criminals involved in trafficking will bribe corrupt public officials. subversion enables human traffickers to operate successfully, whether through bribes to public officials or collaboration of officials with criminal networks. Officials holding key positions have used their authority to provide protection to those engaged in criminal activities by ignoring the illegal activities or pulley proposed legislation to end the illegal activity (Diaz).There have also been documented links between human trafficking and terrorism. Profits from trafficking and prostitution have been used to support terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. In addition, terrorists use the transportation networks of smugglers and traffickers to move operatives (Birkenthal ).In the globalized world, everyone must take steps to end human trafficking. The global effort to combat human trafficking is organized around prevention, prosecution, and protection. Preventing the occurrence of human trafficking as well as remedying its past harms will require a global partnership of countries and governmental/non-governmental organizations. Sending countries should be the focal extremum of prevention strategies. Economic development, with a special emphasis on women and girls, constitutes possibly the best long-term approach to combating human trafficking. At the same time, there is a great need for educational outreach programs to alert individuals and communities to the tricks traffickers use and the dangers of being trafficked. Anti-human trafficking education must be offered repeatedly if it is to have lasting effect (Diaz).Equally important, trafficking must not only be universally criminalized, but traffickers must be effectively prosecuted for the crime (Birkenthal).Breaking up trafficking networks and imprisoning traffickers stops the recruitment and movement of trafficked persons. Unfortunately, it has been the most difficult of the three strategies to develop and implement. In countries with rachitic legal systems and corrupt police and courts, investigation of human traffickers is a rare occurrence, and conviction even rarer. Even in countries where the environment for investigation, prosecution, and conviction is favorable, the results have been disappointing (Diaz). In the United States, the national success rate in solving murder cases is about 70 percent about 11,000 murders are solved each year. Nevertheless, the annual percentage of trafficking and slavery cases solved is less than one percent. Therefore, if 17,500 people were newly enslaved in America, the Department of Justice would only bring charges against merely 111 people for human trafficking and slavery (Bales).The ugliness of human trafficking dates back cent uries. Even though it was agreed 150 years past as a human civilization that slavery is unacceptable, it is more permeating and expansive today than it was centuries ago (Kara). The forces of globalization have made human trafficking a highly profitable and virtually risk-free enterprise (Diaz). As a matter of ensuring basic human dignity and freedom, the global club must utilize every resource available to combat traffickers and slave exploiters by elevating the real risk and cost of the crime, while eliminating the immense profitableness that human traffickers and slave exploiters currently enjoy (Desyallas). The persistence of human trafficking is an provoke to human dignity and a denial of morality by modern civilization. The time is long overdue for the world to come together to deploy the kinds of sustained interventions required to eliminate this evil forever.Works ConsultedBales, Kevin. Winning the fighting eradicating slavery in the modern age. Harvard International analyze 31.1 (2009) 14+. Gale oppose Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Bennetts, Leslie. The John Next Door. Newsweek. 25 Jul 2011 n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 declivity. 2012. Birkenthal, Sara. Human trafficking a human rights abuse with global dimensions.Interdisciplinary Journal of Human Rights Law Annual 2011 27+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Desyllas, Moshoula Capous. A critique of the global trafficking discourse and U.S. policy. Journal of Sociology & neighborly Welfare 34.4 (2007) 57+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Diaz, Mariel, et al. Globalization and human trafficking. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare34.2 (2007) 107+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Goodson, Jennifer. Sex Trafficking Threatens the United States. whoredom and Sex Trafficking. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Exploiting Body and Soul Sex Trafficking Is Big an cestry Around the Worldand the Root of That Business Is Closer to Home than You exponent Think. Sojourners 34 (Sept.-Oct. 2005) 20. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Hodge, David R. Sexual Trafficking in the United States A Domestic Problem with Transnational Dimensions. Social work 53.2 (2008) 143-52. ProQuest Discovery. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Kara, Siddharth. Supply and demand human trafficking in the global economy.Harvard International Review 33.2 (2011) 66+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Leuchtag, Alice. Sex Slavery must Be Eradicated. Slavery Auriana Ojeda. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2004. At Issue. Rpt. from Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, and Prostitution. 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